Sanderson M, Emanuel I, Holt V L
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1995 Oct;9(4):391-405. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1995.tb00162.x.
The relationship between the birthweight of white and black mothers and the outcomes of their infants were examined using the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. White and black women who were low birthweight themselves were at increased risk of delivering very low birthweight (VLBW), moderately low birthweight (MLBW), extremely preterm and small size for gestational age (SGA) infants. Adjustment for the confounding effects of prepregnant weight and height reduced the risks of all these outcomes slightly, and more substantially reduced the maternal birthweight associated risk of moderately low birthweight among white mothers. There was little effect of maternal birthweight on infant birthweight-specific infant mortality in white mothers; however, black mothers who weighed less than 4 lbs at birth were at significantly increased risk of delivering a normal birthweight infant who subsequently died. Although the risks for the various outcomes associated with low maternal birthweight were not consistently higher in black mothers compared with white mothers, adjustment for prepregnant weight and height had a greater effect in white mothers than in black mothers. We suggest that interventions to reduce the risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with low maternal birthweight should attempt to optimise prepregnant weight and foster child health and growth.
利用1988年全国孕产妇和婴儿健康调查，研究了白人母亲和黑人母亲的出生体重与其婴儿出生结局之间的关系。自身为低出生体重的白人和黑人女性分娩极低出生体重（VLBW）、中度低出生体重（MLBW）、极早产和小于胎龄（SGA）婴儿的风险增加。对孕前体重和身高的混杂效应进行调整后，所有这些结局的风险略有降低，并且在白人母亲中，与母亲出生体重相关的中度低出生体重风险大幅降低。母亲出生体重对白人母亲中特定婴儿出生体重的婴儿死亡率影响很小；然而，出生时体重不足4磅的黑人母亲分娩出随后死亡的正常出生体重婴儿的风险显著增加。尽管与低母亲出生体重相关的各种结局风险在黑人母亲中并不始终高于白人母亲，但对孕前体重和身高进行调整对白人母亲的影响比对黑人母亲的影响更大。我们建议，旨在降低与低母亲出生体重相关的不良妊娠结局风险的干预措施应尝试优化孕前体重，并促进儿童健康和生长。
