Neukirch F, Pin I, Knani J, Henry C, Pison C, Liard R, Romazzini S, Bousquet J
INSERM Unité 408, Paris, France.
Respir Med. 1995 Nov;89(10):685-92. doi: 10.1016/0954-6111(95)90136-1.
This study is part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), which uses a common methodology in different areas throughout the world. This paper describes the prevalences of reported asthma, asthma-like symptoms and nasal allergies, their relationships to age group and sex, and the relationships of asthma-like symptoms to current asthma, in the general population aged 20-44 years of three French urban areas.
The study population of 2804 subjects in Grenoble, 3774 in Montpellier and 3152 in Paris (18th district), randomly selected from electoral rolls, answered a postal questionnaire (stage I of ECRHS). The response rates were 77.8%, 68.6% and 74.4%, respectively.
The prevalences were approximately 14% for wheezing, 16% for chest tightness and 4.5% for nocturnal shortness of breath in the three areas. Asthma attacks in the last 12 months were reported by 2.7% of subjects in Grenoble, 3.5% of subjects in Montpellier and 4.0% of subjects in Paris (P = 0.02). For nasal allergies, the prevalences were 28.0%, 34.3% and 30.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Asthma was inversely correlated to age (higher prevalence in the youngest) but was not related to sex. Neither age distribution nor sex ratio explained the differences between areas. Among the asthma-like symptoms, wheezing and nocturnal shortness of breath correlated strongly with asthma, chest tightness correlated moderately and nocturnal coughing correlated poorly.
The prevalences observed were higher than expected from previous comparable French studies in young adults. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a recent increase of asthma and allergies.
本研究是欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查（ECRHS）的一部分，该调查在全球不同地区采用共同的方法。本文描述了法国三个城市地区20 - 44岁普通人群中报告的哮喘、哮喘样症状和鼻过敏的患病率，它们与年龄组和性别的关系，以及哮喘样症状与当前哮喘的关系。
从格勒诺布尔的2804名、蒙彼利埃的3774名和巴黎（第18区）的3152名受试者中随机抽取研究人群，这些受试者从选民名单中随机选取，并回答了一份邮政问卷（ECRHS的第一阶段）。回复率分别为77.8%、68.6%和74.4%。
在这三个地区，喘息的患病率约为14%，胸闷的患病率约为16%，夜间呼吸急促的患病率约为4.5%。在过去12个月中，格勒诺布尔2.7%的受试者、蒙彼利埃3.5%的受试者和巴黎4.0%的受试者报告有哮喘发作（P = 0.02）。对于鼻过敏，患病率分别为28.0%、34.3%和30.8%（P < 0.001）。哮喘与年龄呈负相关（最年轻者患病率更高），但与性别无关。年龄分布和性别比例均不能解释各地区之间的差异。在哮喘样症状中，喘息和夜间呼吸急促与哮喘相关性强，胸闷相关性中等，夜间咳嗽相关性弱。
观察到的患病率高于法国以往对年轻人进行的类似研究的预期。这些结果与近期哮喘和过敏症增加的假设一致。
