van de Sand W H, Lüdtke J, Schumacher S, Eschenauer H, Mutke I, Lansch D
Berufsförderungswerk Michaelshoven/Köln.
Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 1995 Nov;34(4):179-92.
Vocational retraining centres, sui generis, belong to those vocational rehabilitation facilities where disabled adults are afforded an opportunity for comprehensive occupational reorientation, facilities that operate on the principle of "dual training under one roof", i.e. combine practical and theoretical contents, which documents their close linkage with the mainstream vocational education system practiced in Germany. An essential modification has for some years now been introduced at the Michaelshoven/Cologne vocational retraining centre: the traditional conveyance of skills and knowledge (i.e., acquisition of technical competence) has been replaced by attainment of occupational action competence as the focus of rehabilitative efforts. Hand in hand with this concept rooted in the principle of client-concentration, comes implementation of the principles of integration and holistic approach. Integration means that rehabilitees with mental illness participate in the rehabilitation programmes alongside rehabilitees without mental illness. The holistic approach is expressed in a number of closely coordinated elements ensuring that the specific configuration of persons with mental illness and their way of life are taken into consideration from the very beginning of their stay in the Michaelshoven/Cologne vocational retraining centre. Along with in-depth talks at entry and specific vocational guidance for individuals with mental illness, these elements inter alia include: pre-rehabilitation adjustment, pre-rehabilitation course, an extramural industrial practical, action-oriented training methods throughout, and systematic placement assistance and support--in line with the vocational retraining centre's motto of "picking up our rehabilitees right where they stand".
职业再培训中心独具特色，属于为成年残疾人提供全面职业重新定位机会的职业康复设施，这类设施按照“一站式双重培训”原则运作，即把实践内容与理论内容相结合，这证明了它们与德国实行的主流职业教育体系有着紧密联系。若干年来，位于科隆的米夏埃尔斯霍芬职业再培训中心进行了一项重大变革：传统的技能和知识传授（即获得技术能力）已被以获得职业行动能力作为康复工作重点所取代。与这一以服务对象为中心原则为基础的理念相伴而来的，是融合原则和整体方法的实施。融合意味着患有精神疾病的康复者与未患精神疾病的康复者一同参与康复项目。整体方法体现在一些紧密协调的要素中，这些要素确保从患有精神疾病者入住米夏埃尔斯霍芬/科隆职业再培训中心伊始，就考虑到他们的具体情况及其生活方式。除了在入院时进行深入交谈以及为患有精神疾病者提供特定职业指导外，这些要素尤其还包括：康复前调整、康复前课程、校外工业实践、始终采用以行动为导向的培训方法，以及系统的就业安置援助与支持——这与职业再培训中心“从康复者所在之处扶起他们”的座右铭相符。
