Activation of GTP formation and high-affinity GTP hydrolysis by mastoparan in various cell membranes. G-protein activation via nucleoside diphosphate kinase, a possible general mechanism of mastoparan action.

The wasp venom, mastoparan (MP), is a direct activator of reconstituted pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins and of purified nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) [E.C. 2.6.4.6.]. In HL-60 membranes, MP activates high-affinity GTPase [E.C. 3.6.1.-] and NDPK-catalyzed GTP formation, but not photolabeling of G-protein alpha-subunits with GTP azidoanilide; this suggests that the venom activates G-proteins in this system indirectly via stimulation of NDPK. Moreover, the MP analogue, mastoparan 7 (MP 7), is a much more effective activator of reconstituted G-proteins than MP, whereas with regard to NDPK and GTPase in HL-60 membranes, the two peptides are similarly effective. In our present study, we investigated NDPK- and G-protein activation by MP in membranes of the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, the human erythroleukemia cell line, HEL, the rat basophilic leukemia cell line, RBL 2H3, and the hamster ductus deferens smooth muscle cell line, DDT1MF-2. All these membranes exhibited high NDPK activities that were increased by MP. Compared to basal GTP formation rates, basal rates of high-affinity GTP hydrolysis in cell membranes were low. MP activated high-affinity GTP hydrolysis in cell membranes but did not enhance incorporation of GTP azidoanilide into G-protein alpha-subunits. As with HL-60 membranes, MP and MP 7 were similarly effective activators of NDPK and GTPase in SH-SY5Y membranes. Pertussis toxin inhibited MP-stimulated GTP hydrolyses in SH-SY5Y- and HEL membranes, whereas NDPK activations by MP were pertussis toxin-insensitive. Our data suggest that indirect G-protein activation via NDPK is not restricted to HL-60 membranes but is a more general mechanism of MP action in cell membranes. Pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of alpha-subunits may inhibit the transfer of GTP from NDPK to G-proteins. NDPK may play a much more important role in transmembrane signal transduction than was previously appreciated and, moreover, the GTPase of G-protein alpha-subunits may serve as GDP-synthase for NDPK.