Lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex and sexual behavior in the male rat.

Lesions of the cerebral cortex near the midline in the frontal region appearing to destroy most of the cingulate cortex and adjacent prefrontal areas had profound effects on male rat sexual behavior. At the first postoperative tests, one week after the lesion, the mount and intromission latencies were extremely long (> 60 min). They continued elevated at every fortnightly test until postlesion week 13, when they were no longer different from controls. However, the proportion of animals that intromitted or ejaculated was reduced at this time. The lesion had a slight effect on the number of intromissions and on the intromission ratio, but did not reliably modify other parameters of sexual behavior in those males that copulated after operation. These data suggest that the medial prefrontal cortex is important for the initiation of sexual behaviour but less so for its execution. It is proposed that the elaboration and/or interpretation of environmental stimuli are rendered deficient by the lesion. Consequently, sexual behavior is activated only with difficulty. This coincides with the arousal hypothesis proposed by Beach [8]. There appears to exist a spontaneous recovery of the mechanisms responsible for the activation of sex behavior because the lesioned group was not different from the sham or intact groups 13 weeks postlesion. Remaining cortical tissue or other brain structures may compensate for the initial deficiencies. However, the lesion's effect on intromission behavior did not diminish with time. This could suggest that possible motor deficiencies produced by the lesion are irreversible.