Robertson G L
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1995 Sep;24(3):549-72.
Diabetes insipidus, characterized by the excretion of copious volumes of unconcentrated urine, results from a deficiency in the action of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin and can be caused by any of four fundamentally different defects, including impaired secretion (neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus), impaired renal response (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), excessive fluid intake (primary polydipsia), or increased metabolism of the hormone (gestational diabetes insipidus). Differentiation between their causes, pathophysiology, and treatment methods is essential for effective management and is best achieved by a combination of hormonal, clinical, and neuroradiologic observations. Understanding of the genetic forms has advanced greatly and may soon lead to improved methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
尿崩症的特征是排出大量稀释尿液，它是由抗利尿激素精氨酸加压素作用不足引起的，可由四种根本不同的缺陷中的任何一种导致，包括分泌受损（神经垂体性尿崩症）、肾脏反应受损（肾源性尿崩症）、液体摄入过多（原发性烦渴）或激素代谢增加（妊娠期尿崩症）。区分它们的病因、病理生理学和治疗方法对于有效管理至关重要，最好通过激素、临床和神经放射学观察相结合来实现。对遗传形式的理解有了很大进展，可能很快会带来预防、诊断和治疗方法的改进。
