Luderer H J
Psychiatrische Klinik mit Poliklinik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
Fortschr Med. 1995 Nov 30;113(33):469-72.
General practitioners play an important role in the treatment of alcoholism. It is their task to come in contact with patients to assess the severity of their alcohol-related problems and to encourage them to stop drinking. As a rule, detoxification can be completed in less than two weeks. Slight withdrawal symptoms do not require drug treatment. However, alcoholics with heavy long-term continuous drinking need in-patient withdrawal treatment. After detoxification, out-patient treatment conditions are sufficient for highly motivated patients living under stable social conditions. In German facilities, short-term therapies of 4-6 weeks are adapted to the less disabled, long-term therapies of 2-6 months to physically and mentally more disabled patients. In Germany, in-patient treatment in specialized clinics is paid for under the pension insurance scheme. The results of alcoholism treatment are better than generally expected. Four years after treatment in specialized units, up to 61% of patients are abstinent.
全科医生在酗酒治疗中发挥着重要作用。他们的任务是与患者接触，评估其与酒精相关问题的严重程度，并鼓励他们戒酒。通常情况下，脱毒可在不到两周内完成。轻微的戒断症状不需要药物治疗。然而，长期大量持续饮酒的酗酒者需要住院戒断治疗。脱毒后，对于生活在稳定社会环境中积极性较高的患者，门诊治疗条件就足够了。在德国的机构中，4至6周的短期治疗适用于残疾程度较轻的患者，2至6个月的长期治疗适用于身心残疾程度较重的患者。在德国，专门诊所的住院治疗费用由养老保险计划支付。酗酒治疗的效果比一般预期的要好。在专门机构接受治疗四年后，高达61%的患者戒酒。
