Braak H
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1977 Mar 30;150(2):229-50. doi: 10.1007/BF00316652.
With the aid of steromicroscopical examination of pigment preparations uo to 1,000 micronm thick the various areas of the occipital lobe of the human brain are described. In the occipital lobe there are three main cortical types, forming the striate, the parastriate area, and the peristriate zone. The parastriate area is a horseshoe-shaped fringe area adjacent to the primary visual field. It is conspicuously marked by a relatively dark stripe of pigmented granule cells dividing the fourth layer into a light upper, a pigmented middle, and a light lower zone, a unique feature of the parastriate area, which is not to be found in any other isocortical area. This three-fold layer disappears abruptly as one passes from the parastriate to a peristriate area, permitting the definitive determination of this boundary. The peristriate zone is quite large in the inferior and the lateral parts of the occipital lobe and comparatively small in the superior parts. Its peripheral boundaries do not coincide with the limits of the occipital lobe. Parts of the cuneus on the one side are covered by parietal and temporal areas, whereas peristriate areas on the other side penetrate widely into the temporal lobe along the medial occipitotemporal and to a lesser extent the parahippocampal gyrus. As regards pigment architecture, the peristriate zone is divisble into ten areas. A relatively simply organized area accompaines the parastriate area. The structure of the cortex changes gradually until one reaches the various fringe areas adjacent to the parietal and temporal areas. The limit adjoining the temporal areas is sharply traceable, since the lower of two light cortical stripes vanishes abruptly when passing from a peristriate to a temporal area. The most highly developed field, the area peristriata magnopyramidalis, occupies part of the inferolateral margin of the occipital lobe. It displays a wealth of large pyramids in the lower reaches of the third layer, which contain tightly packed and densely stained pigment granules forming large rounded aggregates in the basal cytoplasm. Pyramids of this type give the field a close resemblance to association fields such as the posterior speech area, where they are commonly encountered as the predominant neurons of the third layer.
借助对厚度达1000微米的色素制剂进行实体显微镜检查，对人脑枕叶的不同区域进行了描述。在枕叶中有三种主要的皮质类型，形成了纹状区、纹旁区和纹周带。纹旁区是一个与初级视场相邻的马蹄形边缘区域。它的显著特征是有一条相对较暗的色素颗粒细胞条纹，将第四层分为上部浅色、中部色素沉着和下部浅色区域，这是纹旁区独有的特征，在任何其他同型皮质区域都找不到。当从纹旁区过渡到纹周区时，这种三层结构会突然消失，从而可以明确确定这个边界。纹周带在枕叶的下部和外侧部分相当大，在上部则相对较小。它的周边边界与枕叶的界限不一致。一侧楔叶的部分被顶叶和颞叶区域覆盖，而另一侧的纹周区则沿着枕颞内侧广泛地深入颞叶，在较小程度上还深入海马旁回。就色素结构而言，纹周带可分为十个区域。一个组织相对简单的区域与纹旁区相邻。皮质结构逐渐变化，直到到达与顶叶和颞叶区域相邻的各个边缘区域。与颞叶区域相邻的界限很容易追踪，因为当从纹周区过渡到颞叶区域时，两条浅色皮质条纹中的下面一条会突然消失。最发达的区域，即纹周大锥体区，占据枕叶下外侧边缘的一部分。它在第三层的下部显示出大量大锥体，这些大锥体包含紧密堆积且染色密集的色素颗粒，在基底细胞质中形成大的圆形聚集体。这种类型的锥体使该区域与诸如后言语区等联合区非常相似，在那里它们通常作为第三层的主要神经元出现。
