Harvey T, Mahaffey K R, Velazquez S, Dourson M
National Center for Environmental Assessment-CIN, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1995 Oct;22(2):110-7. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1995.1076.
A holistic risk assessment (HRA) strategy is proposed as an alternative, inclusive paradigm which builds upon the traditional risk assessment process described by the National Academy of Sciences. This proposed process expands beyond the traditional process in that it: (i) includes parallel and integrated assessments for ecological risk and human health risks; (ii) recognizes the presence of competing risks that may arise from implementation of risk management decisions; (iii) is an iterative and nonsequential process that highlights the importance of risk characterization and the need for comparisons; (iv) has focus on presenting a series of risk choices that take into consideration parameters specific to exposed populations and ecosystems; and (v) involves communication as the first step between risk assessors and risk managers, with subsequent communication of the results of the assessment to clients and the public. This HRA strategy is illustrated by a case study on methyl mercury. Specific research is proposed for future improvements in this area.
本文提出了一种整体风险评估（HRA）策略，作为一种替代性的、包容性的范式，它建立在美国国家科学院所描述的传统风险评估过程之上。这一拟议过程超越了传统过程，因为它：（i）包括对生态风险和人类健康风险的并行和综合评估；（ii）认识到风险管理决策实施可能产生的相互竞争风险的存在；（iii）是一个迭代且非顺序的过程，突出了风险特征描述的重要性以及比较的必要性；（iv）着重提出一系列考虑到受暴露人群和生态系统特定参数的风险选择；以及（v）将沟通作为风险评估人员和风险管理人员之间的第一步，随后将评估结果传达给客户和公众。通过甲基汞的案例研究说明了这种HRA策略。本文还提出了该领域未来改进的具体研究方向。
