Suter Glenn W, Vermeire Theo, Munns Wayne R, Sekizawa Jun
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin L. King Drive, MC-A130, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Sep 1;207(2 Suppl):611-6. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.051.
The World Health Organization's (WHO's) International Program for Chemical Safety has developed a framework for performing risk assessments that integrate the assessment of risks to human health and risks to nonhuman organisms and ecosystems. The WHO's framework recognizes that stakeholders and risk managers have their own processes that are parallel to the scientific process of risk assessment and may interact with the risk assessment at various points, depending on the context. Integration of health and ecology provides consistent expressions of assessment results, incorporates the interdependence of humans and the environment, uses sentinel organisms, and improves the efficiency and quality of assessments relative to independent human health and ecological risk assessments. The advantage of the framework to toxicologists lies in the opportunity to use understanding of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics to inform the integrated assessment of all exposed species.
世界卫生组织（WHO）的国际化学品安全计划制定了一个风险评估框架，该框架整合了对人类健康风险以及对非人类生物和生态系统风险的评估。WHO的框架认识到，利益相关者和风险管理者有他们自己与风险评估科学过程并行的流程，并且可能根据具体情况在不同点与风险评估相互作用。健康与生态的整合提供了评估结果的一致表述，纳入了人类与环境的相互依存关系，使用了指示生物，并且相对于独立的人类健康和生态风险评估提高了评估的效率和质量。该框架对毒理学家的优势在于有机会利用对毒物动力学和毒效学的理解来为所有受暴露物种的综合评估提供信息。
