Thomas D L, Gruninger S E, Siew C, Joy E D, Quinn T C
Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Am J Med. 1996 Jan;100(1):41-5. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(96)90009-1.
To assess the occupational risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among dental personnel.
Three hundred forty-three oral surgeons and 305 general dentists were recruited at national meetings of the American Dental Association and matched by gender, age, years of practice, and location of practice. Each participant completed a detailed questionnaire designated to measure occupational risk of blood-borne infections and supplied a sample of blood. Antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) were assessed by second-generation enzyme immunoassay and recombinant immunoblot assay. As a marker of occupational exposure to blood-borne viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen and antibodies to HBV surface and core antigens were measured by enzyme immunoassay.
Anti-HCV was found in 2.0% of oral surgeons and 0.7% of general dentists (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2, P = 0.133). Anti-HCV was more prevalent (P < 0.01) in dental personnel who were older, had more years of practice, and had serologic markers of HBV infection. Serologic markers of HBV infection were found in 7.8% of general dentists and 21.2% of oral surgeons (OR 3.1, P < 0.001).
These data confirm high rates of HBV infection among dental personnel, but suggest that the risk of HCV infection is considerably lower.
评估牙科工作人员感染丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的职业风险。
在美国牙科协会的全国会议上招募了343名口腔外科医生和305名普通牙医，并根据性别、年龄、执业年限和执业地点进行匹配。每位参与者完成一份详细的问卷，以测量血源性感染的职业风险，并提供一份血液样本。通过第二代酶免疫测定和重组免疫印迹测定评估抗HCV抗体。作为职业接触血源性病毒的标志物，通过酶免疫测定法检测乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）表面抗原以及抗HBV表面和核心抗原抗体。
在2.0%的口腔外科医生和0.7%的普通牙医中发现了抗HCV（比值比[OR]=3.2，P=0.133）。在年龄较大、执业年限较长且有HBV感染血清学标志物的牙科工作人员中，抗HCV更为普遍（P<0.01）。在7.8%的普通牙医和21.2%的口腔外科医生中发现了HBV感染的血清学标志物（OR 3.1，P<0.001）。
这些数据证实牙科工作人员中HBV感染率很高，但表明HCV感染风险相当低。
