Kaulfers P M
Abteilung Krankenhaushygiene, Universitäts-Krankenhaus Eppendorf, Hamburg.
Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1995 Apr;197(1-3):252-9.
In the last years the significance of microbial resistance to biocides like toxic heavy metal ions, aldehydes, phenoles, and cationic surface active agents has increased. However the genetical and functional mechanisms of the resistance to most of these compounds are still unknown. Till now it was possible to demonstrate a plasmid resistance in only some bacterial strains which were resistant to heavy metal ions, hexachlorophene, formaldehyde, benzalkoniumchloride, and chlorhexidine. In mercuric resistant Staphylococcus aureus and formaldehyde resistant E. coli strains the resistance genes are now well characterized. These strains are able to produce enzymes which degradade the disinfectant. The resistance to cationic surface active agents seems to depend on a modification of the bacterial cell wall. This is concluded from former investigations with benzalkoniumchloride resistant Pseudomonas strains, where it was possible to demonstrate different lipid contents in the cell wall from resistant and sensitive strains.
在过去几年中，微生物对诸如有毒重金属离子、醛类、酚类和阳离子表面活性剂等杀菌剂的抗性的重要性日益增加。然而，对大多数这些化合物的抗性的遗传和功能机制仍然未知。到目前为止，仅在一些对重金属离子、六氯酚、甲醛、苯扎氯铵和洗必泰具有抗性的细菌菌株中证明了质粒抗性。在耐汞金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲醛大肠杆菌菌株中，抗性基因现已得到很好的表征。这些菌株能够产生降解消毒剂的酶。对阳离子表面活性剂的抗性似乎取决于细菌细胞壁的修饰。这是从前面对苯扎氯铵抗性假单胞菌菌株的研究得出的结论，在这些研究中，可以证明抗性菌株和敏感菌株细胞壁中的脂质含量不同。
