Hoerauf K, Koller C, Vescia F, Metz C, Hobbhahn J
Klinik für Anästhesiologie am Klinikum, Universität Regensburg.
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 1995 Dec;30(8):483-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996535.
Isoflurane is a suitable agent to produce sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, data concerning occupational exposure to isoflurane during long-term sedation are not yet available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate occupational exposure to isoflurane in the ICU.
Trace concentrations of isoflurane were measured directly by means of photoacustic infrared spectrometry during isoflurane sedation in ten cases over a period of 24 hours. Values were obtained at four personnel-related and two leakage-related locations in an ICU chamber.
All measured values were low, the majority under 3 ppm isoflurane at the personnel-related points. Peak concentrations up to 40 ppm were recorded for several minutes during nursing interventions. At measurement point "nearby patient's mouth" values up to 5 ppm were recorded, at location "anaesthesia machine" values ranged from 2 to 69 ppm isoflurane.
We conclude that an effective high flow scavenging system, a low-leakage anaesthesia machine and an airconditioning equipment without recirculation could keep occupational exposure low. The majority of the measured values was below the NIOSH recommendation (2 ppm). All values was lower than a national state recommendation (10 ppm). Under other circumstances (e.g. without scavenging system) air pollution will be higher and therefore measurements at the working place are needed.
异氟烷是重症监护病房（ICU）中用于镇静的合适药物。然而，关于长期镇静期间职业性接触异氟烷的数据尚不可得。本研究的目的是评估ICU中职业性接触异氟烷的情况。
通过光声红外光谱法直接测量了10例患者在异氟烷镇静期间24小时内的痕量异氟烷浓度。在ICU病房内与人员相关的4个位置和与泄漏相关的2个位置获取了测量值。
所有测量值都很低，在与人员相关的测量点，大多数低于3 ppm异氟烷。在护理干预期间，有几分钟记录到的峰值浓度高达40 ppm。在“患者口腔附近”测量点记录到的值高达5 ppm，在“麻醉机”位置，异氟烷的值在2至69 ppm之间。
我们得出结论，有效的高流量清除系统、低泄漏麻醉机和无再循环的空调设备可使职业暴露保持在低水平。大多数测量值低于美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）的建议值（2 ppm）。所有值均低于某国家的建议值（10 ppm）。在其他情况下（例如没有清除系统），空气污染会更高，因此需要在工作场所进行测量。
