Bell J G, Bishop C, Gann M, Gilbert M J, Howe W, Lamb C T, Leighton-Davies G, McKie N I, Picton-Robinson I
Esso UK plc, London, UK.
Occup Med (Lond). 1995 Dec;45(6):305-10. doi: 10.1093/occmed/45.6.305.
This paper reviews the range of health surveillance activities which can be utilized in the workplace by occupational health professionals for assessing fitness for work and contributing to the prevention of occupational illness and promotion of good health. The systematic approach described categorizes health surveillance procedures into occupational or non-occupational, risk-based or unfocused, and as primary, secondary or tertiary preventive measures. All categories of health surveillance are currently being practised to some extent, but the type of surveillance may not match the needs of the workplace in some situation. In order to aid health professionals in deciding which procedures should be implemented, recommendations based on an assessment of health risks are made. The key proposal is to establish a minimum level of periodic health surveillance for all workers based on a targeted lifestyle health risk assessment and a structured health questionnaire. Additional procedures can then be added sequentially as appropriate to manage any health risks in the workplace. The role of the unfocused periodic general medical examination is discussed in the context of the systematic approach and allows occupational professionals to critically appraise its usefulness.
本文回顾了职业健康专业人员可在工作场所用于评估工作适应性、预防职业病和促进健康的一系列健康监测活动。所描述的系统方法将健康监测程序分为职业性或非职业性、基于风险或无重点的，以及作为一级、二级或三级预防措施。目前，所有类别的健康监测都在一定程度上得到实施，但在某些情况下，监测类型可能与工作场所的需求不匹配。为了帮助健康专业人员决定应实施哪些程序，基于健康风险评估提出了建议。关键建议是基于有针对性的生活方式健康风险评估和结构化健康问卷，为所有工人建立最低水平的定期健康监测。然后可根据需要依次添加其他程序，以管理工作场所的任何健康风险。在系统方法的背景下讨论了无重点的定期综合体检的作用，使职业专业人员能够批判性地评估其有用性。
