Card J P, Enquist L W
Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1995;9(2-3):137-62.
Virulence is defined as the relative capacity of a microorganism to overcome the defense mechanisms of the host organism and thereby cause disease. Virally induced virulence is usually quantitated by measuring the mean time to death or appearance of symptoms following viral inoculation. In this review we make a distinction between general virulence and neurovirulence. We define neurovirulence as the degree of pathogenesis in the nervous system, but intend it to be more encompassing than the simple ability of the virus to grow in the central nervous system (CNS). This distinction is made possible by recent advances that permit an integrated assessment of the degree of pathology, reactive gliosis, and inflammatory response to infection in the intact organism with specific antisera and molecular probes.
毒力被定义为微生物克服宿主生物体防御机制并由此引发疾病的相对能力。病毒诱导的毒力通常通过测量病毒接种后至死亡或出现症状的平均时间来定量。在本综述中，我们区分了一般毒力和神经毒力。我们将神经毒力定义为神经系统中的致病程度，但旨在使其比病毒在中枢神经系统（CNS）中生长的简单能力更具包容性。这种区分是由于最近的进展而成为可能，这些进展允许使用特异性抗血清和分子探针在完整生物体中对病理程度、反应性胶质增生和感染的炎症反应进行综合评估。
