Shimizu H, Suzuki Y, Okonogi H
Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1995 Dec;50(5):919-31. doi: 10.1265/jjh.50.919.
Since several epidemiological studies have indicated an elevated risk for certain types of cancer in both living and working environments where exposure to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF) occurs, public concern about ELF has been increasing because it is impossible to imagine life today without electricity. We reviewed studies on biological effects of ELF with respect to their cytological and biochemical effects, including mutagenicity, clastogenicity and carcinogenicity. The studies can be summarized as follow: 1) There is evidence that outer surface of the cell membrane is the primary locus for ELF-induced cellular alterations. 2) ELF modulate the proliferation of normal as well as transformed cells in vivo and in vitro. The magnitude of the proliferative effects depends on ELF intensity, exposure duration and other cellular factors. 3) No studies clearly demonstrate deleterious effects of ELF exposure on mammalian reproduction and development, but several suggest such effects. 4) Reported evidence does not demonstrate that the ELF acts as a cancer initiator. However, it might act as a promoter or affect tumor progression. Further observations and epidemiological studies of ELF must be accompanied by laboratory experiments to evaluate biological and health effects.
由于多项流行病学研究表明，在存在极低频电磁场（ELF）暴露的生活和工作环境中，某些类型癌症的风险会升高，公众对ELF的担忧不断增加，因为很难想象如今没有电的生活。我们回顾了关于ELF生物效应的研究，涉及它们的细胞学和生化效应，包括致突变性、染色体断裂效应和致癌性。这些研究可总结如下：1）有证据表明细胞膜外表面是ELF诱导细胞改变的主要位点。2）ELF在体内和体外调节正常细胞以及转化细胞的增殖。增殖效应的大小取决于ELF强度、暴露持续时间和其他细胞因素。3）没有研究清楚地证明ELF暴露对哺乳动物生殖和发育有有害影响，但有几项研究表明存在此类影响。4）报告的证据并未证明ELF是癌症起始因子。然而，它可能起到促进作用或影响肿瘤进展。对ELF的进一步观察和流行病学研究必须辅以实验室实验，以评估其生物学和健康效应。
