Magoulas A, Tsimenides N, Zouros E
Institute of Marine Biology of Crete, Greece.
Mol Biol Evol. 1996 Jan;13(1):178-90. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025554.
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) revealed a large number of mitotypes that form two distinct clusters (phylads). Phylad A consists of one common mitotype and many rare secondary mitotypes that are one mutational step removed from the main type. Nucleotide diversity and number of homoplasious changes are low. Phylad B has a complex pattern of mitotype connectedness, high nucleotide diversity, and a large number of homoplasious changes. It is suggested that the two phylads evolved in isolation from each other and that present coexistence is the result of a secondary contact. Moreover, phylad A has a "star" phylogeny, which suggests that it has evolved in a population that experienced a drastic bottleneck followed by an explosion of size. Phylad A is practically the only phylad present in the Black Sea, with its frequency dropping to 85% in the northern Aegean, and to 40% in the rest of Mediterranean and the Bay of Biscay. The Black Sea is, therefore, the most likely place of origin of phylad A. Molecular data are consistent with a population bottleneck in the Black Sea during the last glaciation event and a subsequent exit of phylad A with the outflow into the Aegean following the ice melting. Phylogenetic analysis of anchovy mtDNA provides a reconstruction of population history in the Mediterranean, which is consistent with the geological information.
对欧洲鳀（Engraulis encrasicolus）线粒体DNA限制性片段长度多态性的分析揭示了大量形成两个不同聚类（分支）的单倍型。分支A由一个常见单倍型和许多罕见的次生单倍型组成，这些次生单倍型与主要类型相差一个突变步骤。核苷酸多样性和同塑变化的数量较低。分支B具有复杂的单倍型连接模式、高核苷酸多样性和大量同塑变化。研究表明，这两个分支彼此独立进化，目前的共存是二次接触的结果。此外，分支A具有“星状”系统发育，这表明它是在经历了严重瓶颈后种群数量又爆发式增长的群体中进化而来的。分支A实际上是黑海唯一存在的分支，其频率在爱琴海北部降至85%，在地中海其他地区和比斯开湾降至40%。因此，黑海最有可能是分支A的起源地。分子数据与末次冰期事件期间黑海的种群瓶颈以及冰融化后分支A随水流流出进入爱琴海的情况一致。鳀线粒体DNA的系统发育分析提供了地中海种群历史的重建，这与地质信息一致。
