Malarcher A M, Ford E S, Nelson D E, Chrismon J H, Mowery P, Merritt R K, Herman W H
Epidemiology and Statistics Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3714, USA.
Diabetes Care. 1995 May;18(5):694-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.18.5.694.
This study describes changes in the distribution of cigarette smoking and in physicians' advice to quit smoking among the U.S. population with and without diabetes from the mid-1970s to 1990.
Data on self-reported smoking status, physicians' advice to quit smoking, history of diabetes, and demographic characteristics were obtained from the 1974, 1985, and 1990 National Health Interview Surveys. We examined the age-adjusted prevalence of smoking and physicians' advice to quit smoking by race, sex, and educational level among individuals with diabetes and those without diabetes.
The prevalence of smoking decreased 9.8 percentage points from 1974 to 1990 among individuals with diabetes (from 35.6 to 25.8%, P < 0.01) and 11.7 percentage points among those without diabetes (from 37.3 to 25.6%, P < 0.01). For all years, younger individuals, men, and people with less than a high school education were more likely to smoke, regardless of diabetes status. Among individuals who had ever smoked, those with diabetes were more likely to have received advice to quit than those without diabetes; from 1974 to 1990, the percentage advised to quit smoking by a physician increased from 35.1 to 58.4% for smokers with diabetes and from 26.8 to 46.0% for smokers without diabetes.
Despite decreases in smoking prevalence over time, people with diabetes are still as likely to smoke as those without diabetes. More than 40% of smokers with diabetes currently report never having received advice from a physician to quit smoking. Health care providers should increase their efforts to reduce smoking among people with diabetes.
本研究描述了从20世纪70年代中期到1990年，美国有糖尿病和无糖尿病人群中吸烟分布情况的变化以及医生戒烟建议情况。
自我报告的吸烟状况、医生戒烟建议、糖尿病史及人口统计学特征数据来自1974年、1985年和1990年的国家健康访谈调查。我们按种族、性别和教育水平，对有糖尿病和无糖尿病个体的吸烟年龄调整患病率及医生戒烟建议进行了研究。
1974年至1990年，有糖尿病个体的吸烟患病率下降了9.8个百分点（从35.6%降至25.8%，P<0.01），无糖尿病个体下降了11.7个百分点（从37.3%降至25.6%，P<0.01）。在所有年份中，无论糖尿病状况如何，较年轻个体、男性以及高中以下文化程度者吸烟可能性更大。在曾经吸烟的个体中，有糖尿病者比无糖尿病者更有可能收到戒烟建议；1974年至1990年，有糖尿病吸烟者中医生建议戒烟的比例从35.1%增至58.4%，无糖尿病吸烟者中这一比例从26.8%增至46.0%。
尽管吸烟患病率随时间下降，但糖尿病患者吸烟可能性仍与非糖尿病患者相当。目前超过40%的糖尿病吸烟者称从未收到医生的戒烟建议。医疗服务提供者应加大力度减少糖尿病患者吸烟。
