Whistance R S, Adams L P, van Geems B A, Bridger R S
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa.
Ergonomics. 1995 Dec;38(12):2485-503. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925282.
Surveys have shown that many workers operate under conditions that require constrained standing. The aim of this study was to investigate postural adaptations in constrained standing to facilitate the development of design guidelines for standing workspaces. Standing postures were observed in six different workspaces that were designed using combinations of task distance (which was either constrained or unconstrained) and foot position (which was constrained, unconstrained or employed a footrest). Subjects at work were recorded stereophotogrammetrically and postural variables were obtained in three dimensions. Postural adaptation to increased task distance was found to be characterized by increased trunk flexion and increased hip flexion while adaptation to close work was found to be characterized by increased neck flexion and increased thoracic kyphosis. Constrained foot position resulted in increased hip flexion accompanied by increased plantar flexion. Although use of the footrest resulted in some reduced lumbar lordosis, it increased trunk flexion and was not associated with significantly less discomfort than any of the other workspaces.
调查显示，许多工人在需要受限站立的条件下工作。本研究的目的是调查受限站立时的姿势适应性，以促进站立工作空间设计指南的制定。在六个不同的工作空间中观察站立姿势，这些工作空间是通过任务距离（受限或不受限）和脚部位置（受限、不受限或使用脚凳）的组合设计的。对工作中的受试者进行立体摄影测量，并在三维空间中获取姿势变量。发现对增加任务距离的姿势适应表现为躯干屈曲增加和髋关节屈曲增加，而对近距离工作的适应表现为颈部屈曲增加和胸椎后凸增加。受限的脚部位置导致髋关节屈曲增加，同时跖屈增加。虽然使用脚凳导致腰椎前凸有所减少，但它增加了躯干屈曲，并且与其他任何工作空间相比，不适感并没有显著减轻。
