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湿玉米麸质饲料的采食量和日粮水平对生长育肥牛小母牛育肥性能、养分消化率及胴体特性的影响。

Effects of feed intake and dietary level of wet corn gluten feed on feedlot performance, digestibility of nutrients, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing beef heifers.

作者信息

Hussein H S, Berger L L

机构信息

Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 1995 Nov;73(11):3246-52. doi: 10.2527/1995.73113246x.

DOI:10.2527/1995.73113246x
PMID:8586580
Abstract

The objective was to compare the relative energy value of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) to that of corn in a feedlot situation when diets were initially offered ad libitum (AL) or at restricted feed intake (RFI; 80% of AL). In a completely randomized block (pen location) design experiment, 144 beef heifers (204.1 +/- 18.2 kg) were used (six treatments; three pens of eight heifers/treatment). Treatments were levels of WCGF (on DM basis) in corn silage-based diets (AL; 25 or 50% WCGF) or high-moisture corn-based diets (RFI; 0, 25, 50, or 75% WCGF) during the growing phase (127 d). During finishing (84 d), all diets were offered AL and contained 5% corn silage by replacing corn silage with high-moisture corn in diets that were offered AL. Heifers that were initially at AL had similar (P > .1) feedlot performance (during growing and during the whole trial), digestibility of nutrients (OM, NDF, CP, and GE), and carcass characteristics. During finishing, however, these heifers had better (P = .06) ADG and gain:feed when 25% WCGF was fed. Heifers that were initially at RFI showed a linear decrease (P < .01) in ADG and gain:feed during growing with increasing dietary level of WCGF. However, increasing dietary level of WCGF resulted in a quadratic (P = .02) response in ADG and gain:feed during finishing and also in a quadratic (P = .07) response in ADG and a linear (P = .005) decrease in gain:feed during the whole trial. These quadratic responses indicated that the best performance was achieved at the 25 and 50% levels of WCGF. The decrease in cumulative gain:feed was only 3.5% at the 25 and 50% levels of WCGF but it was 11.4% at the 75% level. Increasing the level of WCGF in diets of heifers that were initially at restricted feed intake did not affect (P > .1) digestibility of nutrients but it improved some carcass characteristics linearly, decreasing fat thickness (P = .04), liver abscess (P = .02), and yield grade (P = .13). Results suggest that WCGF can substitute up to 25 or 50% of dietary DM without negative effects on feedlot performance, digestibility of nutrients, or carcass characteristics. In addition, restricting feeding during growing may be strategy that improves the utilization of WCGF at these levels.

摘要

本研究旨在比较在育肥场条件下,日粮最初自由采食(AL)或限制采食量(RFI;AL的80%)时,湿玉米麸质饲料(WCGF)与玉米的相对能量值。在一项完全随机区组(围栏位置)设计试验中,使用了144头肉用小母牛(204.1±18.2千克)(六个处理;每个处理八头小母牛,共三个围栏)。处理方式为在生长阶段(127天),以玉米青贮为基础的日粮(AL;25%或50%的WCGF)或高水分玉米为基础的日粮(RFI;0、25%、50%或75%的WCGF)中WCGF的水平(以干物质计)。在育肥阶段(84天),所有日粮均自由采食,通过用高水分玉米替代自由采食日粮中的玉米青贮,使日粮中含有5%的玉米青贮。最初自由采食的小母牛在育肥场性能(生长阶段和整个试验期间)、养分消化率(有机物、中性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白和总能)以及胴体特性方面相似(P>.1)。然而,在育肥阶段,当饲喂25%的WCGF时,这些小母牛的平均日增重(ADG)和增重:采食量更好(P = 0.06)。最初限制采食量的小母牛在生长阶段,随着日粮中WCGF水平的增加,ADG和增重:采食量呈线性下降(P<.01)。然而,日粮中WCGF水平的增加在育肥阶段导致ADG和增重:采食量呈二次响应(P = 0.02),在整个试验期间ADG也呈二次响应(P = 0.07),增重:采食量呈线性下降(P = 0.005)。这些二次响应表明,在WCGF水平为25%和50%时性能最佳。在WCGF水平为25%和50%时,累积增重:采食量仅下降3.5%,但在75%水平时下降11.4%。在最初限制采食量的小母牛日粮中增加WCGF水平对养分消化率没有影响(P>.1),但线性改善了一些胴体特性,降低了脂肪厚度(P = 0.04)、肝脓肿(P = 0.02)和产肉等级(P = 0.13)。结果表明,WCGF可以替代高达25%或50%的日粮干物质,而不会对育肥场性能、养分消化率或胴体特性产生负面影响。此外,在生长阶段限制饲喂可能是提高这些水平WCGF利用率的一种策略。

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