Weiler U, Appell H J, Kremser M, Hofäcker S, Claus R
Fachgebiet Tierhaltung und Leistungsphysiologie, Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Experimentelle Morphologie, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Germany.
Anat Histol Embryol. 1995 Jun;24(2):77-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.1995.tb00013.x.
European domestic pigs are derived from the European wild pig by genetic selection and differ in their muscular-growth ability. Thus, it was the aim of this study to investigate the consequences of genetic selection on muscle composition and fibre size in the gracilis muscle. Fibre typing based on the ATPase reaction revealed that this muscle in wild pigs is composed mainly of type-I and -IIa fibres, whereas, in domestic pigs, type-IIb fibres were predominant. For all fibre types, domestic pigs had about threefold larger fibres than wild pigs. Type-I fibres tended to be the smallest fibres in domestic pigs, but the largest fibres in wild pigs, which may be due to long-term training effects in the free-ranging animals. Giant fibres as an indicator of degeneration were obvious only in the domestic-pig samples. Their occurrence, as well as the larger fibre size and the predominance of type-IIb fibres in domestic pigs, may be ascribed to high concentrations of growth hormone. It is concluded that selection for muscular growth may favour metabolic dysbalances within the muscle and, therefore, degenerative processes.
欧洲家猪是通过基因选择从欧洲野猪衍生而来的，其肌肉生长能力有所不同。因此，本研究的目的是调查基因选择对股薄肌肌肉组成和纤维大小的影响。基于ATP酶反应的纤维分型显示，野猪的这块肌肉主要由I型和IIa型纤维组成，而家猪中IIb型纤维占主导。对于所有纤维类型，家猪的纤维比野猪大约大三倍。I型纤维在家猪中往往是最小的纤维，但在野猪中却是最大的纤维，这可能是由于散养动物的长期训练效果。作为退化指标的巨大纤维仅在家猪样本中明显。它们的出现，以及家猪中较大的纤维尺寸和IIb型纤维的主导地位，可能归因于高浓度的生长激素。得出的结论是，对肌肉生长的选择可能有利于肌肉内的代谢失衡，从而有利于退化过程。
