Department of Food Technology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27 (Viikki E), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Meat Sci. 2004 Jul;67(3):533-9. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.12.008.
This study reports the results of a comparison of the histochemical properties of various types of porcine muscles in wild and domestic pigs. In domestic pigs, the influence of growth rates on these properties were studied in five muscles: longissimus dorsi (LD), semimembranosus (SM), gluteus superficialis (GS), infra spinam (IS) and masseter (MAS). The growth rate was expressed as: (i) live weight (LW) at 165±2 days and (ii) daily LW gain from day 88 to day 165 (DG) on the experimental diet. LD, SM, GS and IS of wild pigs were found to contain a higher area percentage of oxidative type IIA fibres (type IIA%(area)) and a lower percentage area of glycolytic type IIB fibres (type IIB%(area)) than the same muscles of domestic pigs. The capillary density in the light muscles (LD, SM, GS) of wild pigs was twice that of domestic pigs, indicating higher oxidative capacity. In domestic pigs the cross sectional area of type IIB fibres (CSA(IIB)) was markedly larger than the cross sectional area of type I (CSA(I)) and IIA (CSA(IIA)) fibres. The average fibre cross sectional area (CSA(fibre)) was about the same in the muscles of wild and domestic pigs except in LD and SM, where the average fibre cross sectional area was approximately 25% smaller in wild pigs than in domestic pigs. This difference was caused by the large cross sectional area of type IIB fibres in the light muscles of domestic pigs. In the light muscles of domestic pigs, the cross sectional area of type IIA fibres increased most with increasing growth rate. Growth rate influences muscle fibre properties only in light muscles, not in dark muscles.
本研究报告了比较野生猪和家猪各种类型肌肉的组织化学特性的结果。在家猪中，研究了生长速度对这些特性的影响，涉及五个肌肉：背最长肌（LD）、半膜肌（SM）、臀浅肌（GS）、肩胛下肌（IS）和咬肌（MAS）。生长速度表示为：（i）165±2 天的活体重量（LW）和（ii）实验饮食中从第 88 天到第 165 天的每日 LW 增益（DG）。野生猪的 LD、SM、GS 和 IS 肌肉中氧化型 IIA 纤维（IIA%（面积））的面积百分比较高，而糖酵解型 IIB 纤维（IIB%（面积））的面积百分比较低。野生猪的浅色肌肉（LD、SM、GS）中的毛细血管密度是家猪的两倍，表明其氧化能力较高。在家猪中，IIB 型纤维的横截面积（CSA(IIB))明显大于 I 型（CSA(I))和 IIA 型（CSA(IIA))纤维。除了 LD 和 SM 肌肉外，野生和家猪肌肉中的平均纤维横截面积（CSA(fibre))基本相同，在 LD 和 SM 肌肉中，野生猪的平均纤维横截面积比家猪小约 25%，这是由于家猪浅色肌肉中 IIB 型纤维的横截面积较大所致。在家猪的浅色肌肉中，IIA 型纤维的横截面积随生长速度的增加而增加最多。生长速度仅对浅色肌肉中的肌肉纤维特性有影响，而对深色肌肉没有影响。
