Madden K, Savard G K
School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Clin Physiol. 1995 Nov;15(6):557-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.1995.tb00544.x.
The effect of different mental states on autonomic modulation of the cardiovascular system was assessed in healthy, normotensive men (n = 18) and women (n = 12). Heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (BPV) and arterial baroreflex function were assessed during 4 tests at rest ((10 min + 5 min recovery) x 4): (1) Control (spontaneous breathing, (SB) (2) Mental distraction (SB + word puzzle) (3) Conscious control of breathing (paced at SB rate) and (4) Mental stress (SB + computer quiz). There were no significant gender differences in the responses to the interventions in terms of arterial (spontaneous) baroreflex (SPBX) control of HR, and indices of time and frequency domains of HRV and BPV, with the exception of the sympathetic indicator of HRV (low frequency power/total power; P < 0.01) which was lower in women during control and mental stress tests. Conscious control of breathing at SB did not alter HRV, BPV or SPBX in either men or women. Mental distraction and mental stress led to decreases in indices of time and frequency domains of HRV and BPV in all subjects, as well as increases in HR during distraction and in systolic BP during stress. These findings suggest that in studies of cardiovascular control: (1) Paced breathing at SB can be used for individuals with irregular breathing patterns (2) The extent of mental stress achieved is intervention-specific and for the most part, independent of gender and (3) Resting assessment of HRV, BPV and SPBX can be made by having subjects sit quietly without interventions in a controlled laboratory setting.
在健康的血压正常男性（n = 18）和女性（n = 12）中评估了不同心理状态对心血管系统自主调节的影响。在静息状态下进行4项测试（（10分钟+ 5分钟恢复）×4）期间，评估心率变异性（HRV）、收缩压变异性（BPV）和动脉压力反射功能：（1）对照（自主呼吸，（SB））（2）心理分心（SB + 字谜游戏）（3）有意识的呼吸控制（以SB速率起搏）和（4）心理应激（SB + 计算机测验）。在心率的动脉（自主）压力反射（SPBX）控制、HRV和BPV的时域和频域指标方面，干预反应没有显著的性别差异，但HRV的交感神经指标（低频功率/总功率；P < 0.01）在女性的对照和心理应激测试中较低。在SB时有意识地控制呼吸在男性和女性中均未改变HRV、BPV或SPBX。心理分心和心理应激导致所有受试者的HRV和BPV时域和频域指标下降，以及分心期间心率增加和应激期间收缩压升高。这些发现表明，在心血管控制研究中：（1）SB时的起搏呼吸可用于呼吸模式不规则的个体（2）所达到的心理应激程度是特定于干预的，并且在很大程度上与性别无关（3）可以通过让受试者在受控实验室环境中安静地坐着而不进行干预来进行HRV、BPV和SPBX的静息评估。
