Burdová O, Dudriková E, Gasincová E, Pleva J
Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Arch Vet Pol. 1994;34(1-2):69-74.
For food evaluation, the determination of the number of Staphylococcus aureus colonies is insufficient in the view of present scientific knowledge. The results, advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic methods are demonstrated on an example of three methods of detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products. 133 strains were investigated with the method of biotyping of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Four of their strains were included in biotype A, seven strains of S. aureus were not included in any biotype and the other strains belonged in biotypes C and E. This method can be used as an auxiliary method for evaluation of foods containing S. aureus bacteria. The agar-gel precipitation method of enterotoxin detection in isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus has just restricted valiability. When examining 96 strains of S. aureus with this method, strains which were producing staphylococcal enterotoxins were isolated 17 times. The main disadvantage of this method is a fact that the result concerning the isolated strains need not be identical with the result of enterotoxin detection in food. Direct assays of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products using an enzymoimmunological method (ELISA test) seem to be most promising, mainly due to their high sensitivity (0.0001-0.001 micrograms.ml-1) and other advantages.
就食品评估而言，根据目前的科学知识，仅测定金黄色葡萄球菌菌落数是不够的。以牛奶和奶制品中葡萄球菌肠毒素的三种检测方法为例，阐述了诊断方法的结果、优点和缺点。采用金黄色葡萄球菌菌株生物分型法对133株菌株进行了研究。其中4株属于生物型A，7株金黄色葡萄球菌不属于任何生物型，其他菌株属于生物型C和E。该方法可作为评估含有金黄色葡萄球菌的食品的辅助方法。在分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中检测肠毒素的琼脂凝胶沉淀法的有效性有限。用该方法检测96株金黄色葡萄球菌时，产葡萄球菌肠毒素的菌株仅分离出17次。该方法的主要缺点是，关于分离菌株的结果不一定与食品中肠毒素检测的结果一致。使用酶免疫法（ELISA试验）直接检测牛奶和奶制品中的葡萄球菌肠毒素似乎最具前景，主要是因为其灵敏度高（0.0001 - 0.001微克·毫升-1）以及其他优点。
