Spitz A M, Velebil P, Koonin L M, Strauss L T, Goodman K A, Wingo P, Wilson J B, Morris L, Marks J S
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
JAMA. 1996 Apr 3;275(13):989-94.
To analyze pregnancy, abortion, and birth rates among US adolescent girls in 1980, 1985, and 1990.
Retrospective analysis of trends in data on pregnancies, abortions, and births.
US adolescent girls aged 13 to 19 years.
Pregnancy, abortion, and birth rates (with and without adjustment for sexual experience) among teenaged girls aged 15 to 19 years and girls under 15 years.
Although pregnancy rates among all teenaged girls 15 to 19 years old remained fairly stable from 1980 to 1985, they increased by 9% during the last half of the decade, totaling 95.9 pregnancies per 1000 teenaged girls 15 to 19 years old by 1990. Because rates of sexual experience increased even faster, pregnancy rates among sexually experienced teens aged 15 to 19 actually declined between 1980 and 1990 by approximately 8%. Abortion rates among these teens remained stable during the 1980s, with 35.8 and 36.0 abortions per 1000 in 1980 and 1990, respectively. As with overall pregnancy rates, abortion rates among these sexually experienced teenaged girls declined during the 1980s. Between 1980 and 1985, birth rates among teenaged girls aged 15 to 19 years declined by 4%, but they increased by 18% during the latter half of the decade, totaling 59.9 births per 1000 in 1990. Among these sexually experienced teenagers, birth rates also declined between 1980 and 1985 and then increased over the next 5 years. In 1990, pregnancies and abortions among girls younger than 15 years accounted for only 3% of all adolescent pregnancies and abortions. However, the number of births among these younger adolescents increased by 15% over the decade. In that age group, trends in pregnancy, abortion and birth rates over the decade were similar to those for older teens. However, during the late 1980s, the abortion rate declined and the pregnancy rate remained stable, resulting in a 26% increase in the birth rate.
Despite efforts to reduce adolescent pregnancy in the United States, pregnancy and birth rates for that group continue to be the highest among developed countries. Considering that 95% of adolescent pregnancies are unintended, increased efforts to prevent these pregnancies are warranted.
分析1980年、1985年和1990年美国青春期少女的怀孕、堕胎及生育率。
对怀孕、堕胎及生育数据趋势进行回顾性分析。
13至19岁的美国青春期少女。
15至19岁少女及15岁以下少女的怀孕、堕胎及生育率（调整和未调整性经历）。
尽管15至19岁所有少女的怀孕率在1980年至1985年间保持相当稳定，但在该十年的后半期上升了9%，到1990年每1000名15至19岁少女中有95.9例怀孕。由于性经历发生率上升更快，15至19岁有性经历少女的怀孕率在1980年至1990年间实际下降了约8%。这些青少年的堕胎率在20世纪80年代保持稳定，1980年和1990年分别为每1000人中有35.8例和36.0例堕胎。与总体怀孕率一样，这些有性经历青少年的堕胎率在20世纪80年代有所下降。1980年至1985年间，15至19岁少女的生育率下降了4%，但在该十年的后半期上升了18%，到1990年每1000人中有59.9例生育。在这些有性经历的青少年中，生育率在1980年至1985年间也下降，然后在接下来的5年中上升。1990年，15岁以下少女的怀孕和堕胎占所有青少年怀孕和堕胎的3%。然而，这些年龄较小青少年的生育数在该十年中增加了15%。在该年龄组中，该十年的怀孕、堕胎及生育率趋势与年龄较大青少年相似。然而，在20世纪80年代后期，堕胎率下降而怀孕率保持稳定，导致生育率上升了26%。
尽管美国努力降低青少年怀孕率，但该群体的怀孕和生育率在发达国家中仍然最高。鉴于95%的青少年怀孕是意外怀孕，有必要加大预防这些怀孕的力度。
