Steyn P S
SASOL Centre for Chemistry, Potchefstroom University, Republic of South Africa.
Toxicol Lett. 1995 Dec;82-83:843-51. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03525-7.
Mycotoxins induce diverse and powerful biological effects in test systems; some are carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, estrogenic, hemorrhagic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, dermotoxic, and neurotoxic. Mycotoxins have been unambiguously linked to the etiology of several diseases in animals. The discovery of aflatoxins in the early 1960s led to the resurgence of interest in human mycotoxicoses; mycotoxins are now recognized as causal factors of primary liver cancer, ergotism and alimentary toxic aleukia. The fumonisins and ochratoxins are suspected of playing a role in the etiology of esophageal cancer and Balkan endemic nephrotoxicity, respectively.
霉菌毒素在试验系统中可引发多种强大的生物学效应；有些具有致癌、致突变、致畸、雌激素样、出血、免疫毒性、肾毒性、肝毒性、皮肤毒性和神经毒性。霉菌毒素与动物多种疾病的病因明确相关。20世纪60年代初黄曲霉毒素的发现引发了人们对人类霉菌毒素中毒的重新关注；如今，霉菌毒素被认为是原发性肝癌、麦角中毒和 alimentary toxic aleukia 的致病因素。伏马菌素和赭曲霉毒素分别被怀疑在食管癌和巴尔干地方性肾病的病因中起作用。
