Valdespino-Gómez J L, García-García M de L, del Río-Zolezzi A, Loo-Méndez E, Magis-Rodríguez C, Salcedo-Alvarez R A
Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (INDRE), Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, México.
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):556-71.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the HIV/AIDS magnitude, distribution, frequency, patterns, trends, risk factors, risk groups, estimation and evaluation of interventions in Mexico during the last twelve years. Results of a summary of statistics and results from several sources are presented including the National Registry of AIDS cases, HIV sentinel surveillance in 18 cities of the country, analysis of death certificates, cross-sectional, longitudinal, observational, and intervention studies. As of March 1995, 34,230 AIDS cases, 120,000 HIV infections and 21,000 AIDS deaths are estimated. A damaged exponential growth with duplication of AIDS cases every 18 months can be seen. Epidemiological patterns of transmission are found primarily among men with homosexual and bisexual practices. The male:female ratio is 6 to 1. In 1992 AIDS was the 19th cause of death among the general population. At least two patterns of transmission have been identified: one is the western-urban pattern which contributes with more than 90% of cases and the other, more recent, has been described as Caribbean-rural. Blood transmission of AIDS shows a downward trend, and heterosexual and perinatal transmission is slightly increasing. Seroprevalence among adults is 0.06%: however, among groups with risk practices, rates up to 50% have been found. Risk factors are similar to those described in the literature in other countries, and have been used for designing interventions. Evaluation of interventions has been accomplished by demonstrating positive results in the prevention of blood transmission and sexual transmission among female commercial sex workers; prevention efforts directed to men with homosexual practices have not been successful. Between 77,000 and 88,000 cumulated AIDS cases are estimated in Mexico for the year 2000.
本研究的目的是分析过去十二年中墨西哥的艾滋病毒/艾滋病规模、分布、频率、模式、趋势、风险因素、风险群体以及干预措施的评估情况。文中呈现了来自多个来源的统计摘要结果，包括国家艾滋病病例登记处、该国18个城市的艾滋病毒哨点监测、死亡证明分析、横断面研究、纵向研究、观察性研究以及干预性研究。截至1995年3月，估计有34230例艾滋病病例、120000例艾滋病毒感染以及21000例艾滋病死亡。可见艾滋病病例每18个月翻倍的受损指数增长情况。传播的流行病学模式主要出现在有同性恋和双性恋行为的男性中。男女比例为6比1。1992年，艾滋病是普通人群中第19大死因。至少已确定两种传播模式：一种是西部城市模式，占病例的90%以上；另一种较新的模式被描述为加勒比农村模式。艾滋病的血液传播呈下降趋势，异性传播和围产期传播略有增加。成年人中的血清阳性率为0.06%：然而，在有高危行为的群体中，发现阳性率高达50%。风险因素与其他国家文献中描述的相似，并已用于设计干预措施。通过证明在预防女性商业性工作者中的血液传播和性传播方面取得积极成果，完成了对干预措施的评估；针对有同性恋行为男性的预防工作尚未成功。估计2000年墨西哥累计艾滋病病例在77000至88000例之间。
