Sepúlveda-Amor J, del Río-Zolezzi A, Valdespino-Gómez J L, García-García M de L, Velázquez-Velázquez L, Volkow P
Secretaría de Salud (SSA), México.
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):624-35.
This study presents blood-associated AIDS epidemic trends in Mexico, including cases due to blood transfusions, cases in professional blood donors and hemophiliacs. We present also an overview of preventive measures--both legal and educative--undertaken to prevent this type of transmission and its effects on the epidemic. The first blood-associated AIDS cases in Mexico were reported in 1985, since then and up to July 1, 1994 a total of 1,728 adult cases and 116 pediatric cases have been reported (12.3% and 25% of the total cases, respectively). As in many other parts in the world, in Mexico women were markedly affected by this form of transmission; the women to men morbidity ratio is 1.35. Another group particularly affected by AIDS in Mexico are professional blood donors, who were infected because of improper management and recycling of blood transfusion centers bank materials such as plasmapheresis sets, in some blood transfusion centers in our country. Blood screening is mandatory for all blood donors in Mexico since May, 1986. A year later blood commercialization was banned because of the extremely high HIV infection prevalences found in some professional blood donors (7.2%). Since that time a whole set of preventive measures has been implemented in our country, including blood quality and safety control as well as educative interventions. Results of these measures began to become evident by the end of 1991, when newly reported blood associated AIDS cases started to decrease, as opposed to their continuous growth seen in previous years. Up to July 1, 1994 we estimate that a total of 2,750 AIDS cases have been prevented through these measures, recovering an average of 36 years of potential life for each of them. Although blood transmission preventive measures have rendered significant achievements, we still have to face some very complex challenges such as potential ruralization of the epidemic and its impact on HIV infection prevalences among potential blood donors and therefore the need to ensure blood screening in rural areas.
本研究展示了墨西哥与血液相关的艾滋病流行趋势，包括输血导致的病例、职业献血者和血友病患者中的病例。我们还概述了为预防此类传播及其对疫情的影响而采取的法律和教育方面的预防措施。墨西哥首例与血液相关的艾滋病病例于1985年报告，从那时起直至1994年7月1日，共报告了1728例成人病例和116例儿童病例（分别占总病例数的12.3%和25%）。与世界上许多其他地区一样，在墨西哥女性受这种传播形式的影响尤为明显；女性与男性的发病率之比为1.35。在墨西哥，另一个受艾滋病影响尤为严重的群体是职业献血者，在我国一些输血中心，由于输血中心对诸如血浆置换装置等血库材料管理不当和重复使用，他们受到了感染。自1986年5月起，墨西哥对所有献血者进行血液筛查成为强制性要求。一年后，由于在一些职业献血者中发现极高的艾滋病毒感染率（7.2%），血液商业化被禁止。自那时起，我国实施了一系列预防措施，包括血液质量和安全控制以及教育干预措施。这些措施的效果在1991年底开始显现，当时新报告的与血液相关的艾滋病病例开始减少，而此前几年一直呈持续增长态势。截至1994年7月1日，我们估计通过这些措施共预防了2750例艾滋病病例，为每例病例平均挽回了36年的潜在寿命。尽管血液传播预防措施取得了显著成就，但我们仍不得不面对一些非常复杂的挑战，例如疫情可能向农村地区蔓延及其对潜在献血者中艾滋病毒感染率的影响，因此需要确保在农村地区进行血液筛查。
