Lönnerdal B
Departnemt of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 95616, U.S.A.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Apr;63(4):622S-6S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/63.4.622.
Several human milk proteins have physiologic functions in infants. These proteins are involved in defense against infectious agents and in the optimization of nutrient uptake from milk. Therefore, interest in producing recombinant human milk proteins to use in infant formula has been growing. Microorganisms and transgenic animals can now be used for the production of bioactive proteins. However, the benefits of each protein must be evaluated in cells, animal models, and infants before claims can be made that adding them to formula improves the health or nutrition of infants. Once benefits are shown, proper manufacturing conditions must be developed for introducing the protein or proteins into formula. Processing conditions must be evaluated to ensure that biologic activity is maintained. Dry blending, aseptic processing, sterile filtration, and other techniques will likely be necessary for introducing proteins that require specific tertiary structure for activity. The importance of posttranslational modifications must also be considered: some proteins may require proper glycosylation or phosphorylation for physiologic activity.
几种人乳蛋白在婴儿体内具有生理功能。这些蛋白质参与抵御感染因子以及优化从乳汁中摄取营养。因此，生产用于婴儿配方奶粉的重组人乳蛋白的兴趣一直在增长。微生物和转基因动物现在可用于生产生物活性蛋白。然而，在声称将这些蛋白添加到配方奶粉中可改善婴儿健康或营养之前，必须在细胞、动物模型和婴儿中评估每种蛋白的益处。一旦显示出益处，就必须制定适当的生产条件，以便将一种或多种蛋白引入配方奶粉中。必须评估加工条件，以确保维持生物活性。对于引入需要特定三级结构才能发挥活性的蛋白质，干混、无菌加工、无菌过滤及其他技术可能是必要的。还必须考虑翻译后修饰的重要性：一些蛋白质可能需要适当的糖基化或磷酸化才能具有生理活性。
