Yom H C, Bremel R D
Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 Aug;58(2 Suppl):299S-306S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/58.2.299S.
Recent progress in recombinant DNA technology as well as in embryo manipulation and transfer has made the introduction of specific genes into the germline of animals relatively commonplace. With appropriate genetic constructs expression of the inserted genes in transgenic animals can be controlled in a tissue-specific and in a differentiation-specific manner; thus, it is now possible to consider alteration of the composition of milk produced by a lactating animal in any of a variety of ways. There is a growing list of foreign milk proteins that have been expressed, and one can envisage placing almost any protein gene of interest under the control of the cis-acting promoter and enhancer elements of a milk protein gene. Modification of milk composition can be extended not only to the proteins of commodity value but also, by manipulation of key metabolic enzymes, to fat, lactose, and other minerals in milk.
重组DNA技术以及胚胎操作与移植方面的最新进展，已使将特定基因导入动物种系相对变得常见。利用合适的基因构建体，转基因动物中插入基因的表达能够以组织特异性和分化特异性的方式得到控制；因此，现在有可能以多种方式中的任何一种来考虑改变泌乳动物所产乳汁的成分。已表达的外源乳蛋白的清单在不断增加，而且人们可以设想将几乎任何感兴趣的蛋白质基因置于乳蛋白基因的顺式作用启动子和增强子元件的控制之下。乳汁成分的改变不仅可以扩展到具有商品价值的蛋白质，还可以通过操纵关键代谢酶，扩展到乳汁中的脂肪、乳糖和其他矿物质。
