Northman J E
Psychiatr Q. 1977 Spring;49(1):45-55. doi: 10.1007/BF01071457.
Clients, donors, and professionals are identified as three constituencies directly involved in public human service organizations. Each of these groups has different expectations from human service organizations, and these expectations reflect different needs. Concomitantly, each of these groups represents a different ideological perspective. Furthermore, the products or outcomes of human service organizations are generally only vaguely defined. Taken together, the combination of different needs, varying ideologies, and unclear goals renders many human service organizations prone to considerable conflict and inefficiency.
客户、捐赠者和专业人士被视为直接参与公共人类服务组织的三个群体。这些群体中的每一个对人类服务组织都有不同的期望，而这些期望反映了不同的需求。与此同时，这些群体中的每一个都代表了不同的意识形态观点。此外，人类服务组织的产品或成果通常只是模糊界定的。综合起来，不同的需求、各异的意识形态和不明确的目标使得许多人类服务组织容易产生相当大的冲突和低效率。
