Gershwin L J, Gunther R A, Smith S G, Boyle G A, Friebertshauser K E
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 1995 Dec;56(12):1586-91.
To develop a system for analysis of immune response variables in the lymph draining the lung and to establish baseline data for clinically normal calves.
Surgery was performed on 6 calves to insert a cannula into the efferent lymphatic duct of the caudal mediastinal lymph node to create a long-term thoracic lymph fistula draining to the exterior. Lymph was collected daily, and on the fifth postoperative day, calves were exposed to an aerosol of cell culture medium (mock infection). For the next 10 days, lymph was collected for analysis and, on the tenth day, necropsy was performed.
Six 6- to 8-week-old Holstein bull calves.
Daily lymph samples were evaluated for: flow rate; total and differential cell counts; and IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and protein concentrations. On days -4, -1, 1, 4, 7, and 10, cells were stained and quantitated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis for T, B, CD4+, and CD8+ cells. Blood lymphocytes were evaluated on days -1 and 10 for comparison.
Flow was established for up to 25 days, with a mean rate between 11 and 22 ml/h. Protein concentrations in lymph and plasma did not indicate a protein drain. Although mean lymphocyte counts reflected a slight gradual decrease in lymph lymphocytes, this effect was not apparent in every calf, nor was the effect seen in blood lymphocytes. There were no significant changes in IgG, IgM, IgA, or IgE concentration, with the exception of IgA concentration in 1 calf that developed an abscess at the cannulation site. The T-cell subset absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells decreased slightly over time, but the CD4(+)-to-CD8+ cell ratio remained almost constant at near 2.
Creation of a thoracic lymphatic fistula appears to be a useful technique for studying effects of lung infection on immunologic variables, with potential application to bacterial and viral respiratory tract diseases.
Thoracic lymphatic cannulation can be used in studies to determine pathogenic mechanisms in respiratory tract disease and to develop more effective vaccines against respiratory tract pathogens.
开发一种用于分析引流肺部的淋巴液中免疫反应变量的系统，并建立临床正常犊牛的基线数据。
对6头犊牛进行手术，将套管插入后纵隔淋巴结的输出淋巴管，以建立长期的胸腔淋巴瘘并引流至体外。每天收集淋巴液，术后第5天，让犊牛暴露于细胞培养基气雾剂（模拟感染）中。在接下来的10天里，收集淋巴液进行分析，并在第10天进行尸检。
6头6至8周龄的荷斯坦公牛犊。
每天评估淋巴液样本的：流速；总细胞计数和分类细胞计数；以及IgG、IgM、IgA、IgE和蛋白质浓度。在第-4、-1、1、4、7和10天，通过荧光激活细胞分选分析对T细胞、B细胞、CD4+细胞和CD8+细胞进行染色和定量。在第-1天和第10天评估血液淋巴细胞以作比较。
淋巴液引流可维持长达25天，平均流速在11至22毫升/小时之间。淋巴液和血浆中的蛋白质浓度未显示有蛋白质流失。虽然平均淋巴细胞计数反映出淋巴淋巴细胞略有逐渐减少，但这种效应并非在每头犊牛中都明显，血液淋巴细胞中也未观察到这种效应。IgG、IgM、IgA或IgE浓度没有显著变化，但有1头在插管部位出现脓肿的犊牛，其IgA浓度除外。随着时间的推移，CD4+和CD(8+)细胞的T细胞亚群绝对数量略有下降，但CD4(+)/CD8+细胞比值几乎保持恒定，接近2。
建立胸腔淋巴瘘似乎是研究肺部感染对免疫变量影响的一种有用技术，有可能应用于细菌和病毒性呼吸道疾病。
胸腔淋巴插管可用于研究确定呼吸道疾病的致病机制，并开发针对呼吸道病原体的更有效疫苗。
