Grisham J W
Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 1995;79:47-54.
The liver is composed of long-lived hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells whose replacement ordinarily occurs from the proliferation of residual differentiated cells of each type, obviating the need for stem cells to renew hepatocytic and biliary epithelial lineages. Nevertheless, small epithelial cells that are phenotypically distinct from either hepatocytes or biliary epithelial cells can be isolated from normal and pathological livers and established as cultured cell lines. When transplanted into the livers of syngeneic rats, cells of some cultured hepatic epithelial lines migrate into hepatic plates and differentiate into hepatocytes. The strong differentiation-inducing potency of the liver microenvironment is indicated by intrahepatic hepatocytic differentiation and coordinate suppression of tumorigenicity of some aneuploid, neoplastic hepatic epithelial cells that are highly tumorigenic when transplanted into subcutaneous sites. The liver appears to contain cells that have stem-like potential to differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells.
肝脏由长寿的肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞组成，其更替通常通过每种类型的残留分化细胞增殖来实现，无需干细胞来更新肝细胞和胆管上皮谱系。然而，可从正常和病理肝脏中分离出表型不同于肝细胞或胆管上皮细胞的小上皮细胞，并建立为培养细胞系。当将一些培养的肝上皮系细胞移植到同基因大鼠的肝脏中时，它们会迁移到肝板并分化为肝细胞。肝内肝细胞分化以及对一些非整倍体、肿瘤性肝上皮细胞致瘤性的协同抑制表明了肝脏微环境强大的分化诱导能力，这些细胞移植到皮下部位时具有高度致瘤性。肝脏似乎含有具有干细胞样潜能的细胞，可分化为肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞。
