Sadowski R H, Falkner B
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hahnemann University, Philadelphia 19129, USA.
Am J Kidney Dis. 1996 Mar;27(3):305-15. doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(96)90351-0.
The importance of hypertension in the pediatric population has not been as well-appreciated as in adults. This may be due in part to the much lower prevalence of hypertension in children. Nevertheless, hypertension is an important clinical problem in pediatrics, and the approach to its management differs from that in adults in several major respects. Compared with adults, a much greater percentage of hypertension in children is caused by secondary, potentially correctable, disease states. Elevated blood pressure in children may also represent the early expression of primary or essential hypertension. In addition, the technique of blood pressure measurement, the definitions of high blood pressure, and the classifications of blood pressure values in children are different than in adults. These factors dictate a pediatric approach to detection, evaluation, and management of hypertension in children and adolescents.
高血压在儿科人群中的重要性尚未得到像在成人中那样的充分认识。这可能部分归因于儿童高血压的患病率要低得多。然而，高血压在儿科是一个重要的临床问题，其管理方法在几个主要方面与成人不同。与成人相比，儿童高血压中由继发性、潜在可纠正的疾病状态引起的比例要高得多。儿童血压升高也可能是原发性或特发性高血压的早期表现。此外，儿童血压测量技术以及高血压的定义和血压值分类与成人不同。这些因素决定了针对儿童和青少年高血压的检测、评估及管理的儿科方法。
