Lechner L, De Vries H
Department of Health Education & Promotion, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Prev Med. 1995 Nov;24(6):627-33. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1995.1098.
This article presents a study of the determinants of starting participation in an employee fitness program. Information from 488 employees, recruited from two worksites, was obtained. From these employees the determinants of participation were studied.
A questionnaire based on two theoretical models was used. The Stages of Change model was used to measure the health behavior, consisting of precontemplation (no intention to participate), contemplation (considering participation), preparation (intending to participate within a short period), and action (participating in fitness). The possible determinants were measured according to the ASE model, including the attitude toward an employee fitness program, social influence, and self-efficacy expectations.
Subjects in action stage were most convinced of the benefits of participation in the employee fitness program and of their own skills to participate in a fitness program. Subjects in precontemplation stage were least convinced of the advantages of participation and had the lowest self-efficacy scores. Subjects in action stage experienced the most social support to participate in the employee fitness program.
Health education for employees within industrial fitness programs can be tailored toward their motivational stage. Promotional activities for industrial fitness programs should concentrate on persons in the precontemplation and contemplation stages, since people in these stages are insufficiently convinced of the advantages of a fitness program and expect many problems with regard to their ability to participate in the program.
本文介绍了一项关于员工开始参与健身计划的决定因素的研究。我们从两个工作场所招募了488名员工，并获取了他们的相关信息，进而对这些员工参与健身计划的决定因素展开研究。
采用了基于两种理论模型的调查问卷。采用行为改变阶段模型来衡量健康行为，该模型包括前意向阶段（无意参与）、意向阶段（考虑参与）、准备阶段（打算在短期内参与）和行动阶段（参与健身）。根据ASE模型对可能的决定因素进行衡量，包括对员工健身计划的态度、社会影响和自我效能期望。
处于行动阶段的受试者最确信参与员工健身计划的益处以及自己参与健身计划的技能。处于前意向阶段的受试者最不确信参与的优势，且自我效能得分最低。处于行动阶段的受试者在参与员工健身计划时获得的社会支持最多。
工业健身计划中的员工健康教育可根据其动机阶段进行调整。工业健身计划的推广活动应集中在前意向阶段和意向阶段的人群，因为处于这些阶段的人对健身计划的优势认识不足，且对自己参与该计划的能力存在诸多担忧。
