Carstens I L, Louw A J, Kruger E
Department of Community Dentistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.
J Dent Assoc S Afr. 1995 Sep;50(9):405-11.
Past investigations by us have shown high levels of caries experience in rural coloured school children of the Western Cape. These studies were all undertaken in fluoride poor areas. In contrast studies of children in areas with optimal and higher concentrations of fluoride in their drinking water have shown lower DMFT scores. On a previous visit to the town of Fraserburg in the North Western Cape we observed fluorosis in children, although the fluoride content of the municipal drinking water was sub-optimal (0.68-0.78 ppm F-). The purpose of this study was therefore to measure the dental status of 6, 12 and 15 year old school children using the dmft, DMFT and Dean's Fluorosis Index according to the 1987 WHO guidelines. The examinations were done by two calibrated examiners using portable equipment. Results showed low mean dmft values of 3.31 +/- 3.90 and 0.22 +/- 0.86 for the 6 and 12 year olds respectively. The corresponding DMFT scores including that for 15 year olds were 0.08 +/- 0.35; 1.45 +/- 1.81 and 1.00 +/- 1.60 respectively and no significant statistical gender differences were observed (p>0.05). The mean fluorosis scores for 6, 12 and 15 year olds were 1.68 +/- 1.05; 2.78 +/- 1.34 and 2.90 +/- 1.58 respectively. For both the 12 and 15 year olds the severity of fluorosis ranged from no fluorosis to severe mottling and corrosion. It can be concluded that the results even at a sub-optimal fluoride level show a high similarity to the dental status of children in rural fluoride rich areas. Defluoridation of the Fraserburg municipal drinking water therefore becomes imperative and a concentration of 0.4 ppm F- is suggested. Furthermore the children have no access to dental services and this has led to accumulated needs which demand urgent addressing.
我们过去的调查显示，西开普省农村有色人种学童的龋齿患病率很高。这些研究均在氟含量低的地区开展。相比之下，对饮用水中氟含量处于最佳水平及更高水平地区儿童的研究显示，其恒牙龋失补牙面数（DMFT）得分更低。在之前对北开普省西北部弗雷泽堡镇的一次走访中，我们观察到当地儿童存在氟牙症，尽管市政饮用水中的氟含量未达最佳水平（0.68 - 0.78 ppm F-）。因此，本研究的目的是根据1987年世界卫生组织指南，使用乳牙龋失补牙面数（dmft）、恒牙龋失补牙面数（DMFT）和迪恩氟牙症指数来衡量6岁、12岁和15岁学童的牙齿状况。检查由两名经过校准的检查人员使用便携式设备进行。结果显示，6岁和12岁儿童的平均dmft值分别较低，为3.31±3.90和0.22±0.86。包括15岁儿童在内的相应DMFT得分分别为0.08±0.35；1.45±1.81和1.00±1.60，未观察到显著的统计学性别差异（p>0.05）。6岁、12岁和15岁儿童的平均氟牙症得分分别为1.68±1.05；2.78±1.34和2.90±1.58。对于12岁和15岁的儿童，氟牙症的严重程度从无氟牙症到严重斑纹和侵蚀不等。可以得出结论，即使在氟含量未达最佳水平的情况下，结果与农村高氟地区儿童的牙齿状况高度相似。因此，弗雷泽堡市政饮用水的除氟变得势在必行，建议氟含量为0.4 ppm F-。此外，儿童无法获得牙科服务，这导致了累积需求，急需得到解决。
