Hewitt G P, Holder M, Laird J
Roehampton Institute London, Whitelands College, West Hill, SW15 3SN, Great Britain.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1996 May;65(3):269-77. doi: 10.1006/nlme.1996.0032.
Alcohol intake is known to impair memory in animals and humans. However, five studies reported that "medium" (0.05 ml/kg body weight) to "high" (1.0 ml/kg body weight) doses of alcohol improved memory when drunk immediately after initial learning of verbal or visual material. It was proposed that alcohol brought about this retroactive facilitation either through enhanced consolidation of memory traces or by protecting against retroactive interference. The present double blind study compared the performances of an alcohol and a placebo group on a kinesthetic memory task before alcohol or placebo intake and at retest 1 h after consumption. A second experiment was identical to the first except that all subjects carried out two trials on a T maze in the hour between testing and retesting. The alcohol group in the first experiment performed significantly better than the placebo group at retest (p < .05) but this was not the case in the second experiment. Alcohol therefore enhanced performance on the kinesthetic memory task in the first experiment but may not have protected against the moderate interference from the T maze in the second. The low levels of alcohol could have had a stimulant effect on trace consolidation, perhaps via raised blood glucose levels.
众所周知，饮酒会损害动物和人类的记忆力。然而，有五项研究报告称，在初次学习言语或视觉材料后立即饮用“中等”（0.05毫升/千克体重）至“高”（1.0毫升/千克体重）剂量的酒精，记忆力会得到改善。有人提出，酒精是通过增强记忆痕迹的巩固或防止逆向干扰来实现这种逆向促进作用的。本双盲研究比较了酒精组和安慰剂组在摄入酒精或安慰剂之前以及摄入后1小时重新测试时在动觉记忆任务上的表现。第二个实验与第一个实验相同，只是所有受试者在测试和重新测试之间的一小时内在T型迷宫中进行了两次试验。在第一个实验中，酒精组在重新测试时的表现明显优于安慰剂组（p < 0.05），但在第二个实验中并非如此。因此，酒精在第一个实验中提高了动觉记忆任务的表现，但在第二个实验中可能没有防止来自T型迷宫的适度干扰。低水平的酒精可能对痕迹巩固有刺激作用，也许是通过提高血糖水平来实现的。
