Langlais R P, Langland O E
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Dental Diagnostic Science, USA.
J Calif Dent Assoc. 1995 May;23(5):33-4, 36-9.
Risks from dental radiation are primarily to the somatic tissues of exposed persons, although the genetic tissues may receive small amounts of radiation. Maximum permissible doses have been established at various levels depending on the tissue exposed and whether the exposure was occupational or non-occupational: for pregnant workers, the occupational exposure is 1/10 the normal limits. Risks from dental radiation is expressed as the number of extra fatal cancers per million exposed persons, referred to as relative risk. Generally, the relative risk is tenfold greater for the full mouth survey than for a simple panoramic radiograph. Several ways of reducing the risk, to patients as well as healthcare workers, are outlined.
牙科辐射带来的风险主要针对受照人员的躯体组织，尽管遗传组织也可能会接受少量辐射。根据受照组织以及照射是职业性的还是非职业性的，已在不同水平设定了最大允许剂量：对于怀孕的工作人员，职业照射剂量为正常限值的十分之一。牙科辐射风险用每百万受照人员中额外致命癌症的数量来表示，即相对风险。一般来说，全口检查的相对风险比简单的全景X线片要高十倍。文中概述了几种降低患者和医护人员风险的方法。
