Crimmins E M, Hayward M D, Saito Y
Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1996 May;51(3):S111-20. doi: 10.1093/geronb/51b.3.s111.
This study clarifies the process by which mortality and disability interact to determine differences in active life expectancy by age, sex, race, and education for the U.S. population 70 years of age and over. The analysis is performed using data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging and multistate life tables constructed using the results of hazard models. Women spend more years than men both active and inactive at every age; however, the proportion of life that is expected to be active is smaller for women. These differences are largely due to mortality differences favoring women. Persons with less than a high school education have shorter total and active life expectancies but similar expected lengths of inactive life compared to those with more than a high school education. There are no significant race differences in total life expectancy for race-education groups of the older population; but Blacks have lower expected active life than non-Blacks because of worse functioning.
本研究阐明了死亡率和残疾相互作用，从而决定70岁及以上美国人口按年龄、性别、种族和教育程度划分的健康预期寿命差异的过程。分析使用了来自老龄化纵向研究的数据，以及利用风险模型结果构建的多状态生命表。在每个年龄段，女性无论是处于健康状态还是非健康状态的时间都比男性长；然而，女性预期的健康生活比例较小。这些差异主要是由于有利于女性的死亡率差异。与受过高中以上教育的人相比，受教育程度低于高中的人总预期寿命和健康预期寿命较短，但非健康预期寿命长度相似。老年人口的种族-教育群体在总预期寿命上没有显著的种族差异；但由于功能较差，黑人的预期健康寿命低于非黑人。
