Bodine-Fowler S C, Allsing S, Botte M J
Department of Orthopedics, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
Muscle Nerve. 1996 Apr;19(4):497-504. doi: 10.1002/mus.880190404.
Clinically, phenol is used often as a neurolytic agent to treat pain and spasticity. The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of denervation and recovery in several hindlimb muscles following application of a 5% aqueous solution of phenol to the sciatic nerve. Phenol was applied to the sciatic nerve of adult female rats either by intraneural or perineural injection. Axonal degeneration was evident within the sciatic nerve 2 days following phenol application, although variable amounts of damage were observed. By 2 weeks, the soleus and tibialis anterior had atrophied to 63% and 51% of control. Reinnervation of hindlimb muscles occurred between 2 and 4 weeks following the nerve block. Following denervation, the soleus became slower in that all of the fibers expressed the slow myosin heavy chain (MHC). At 5 months, maximum tension of the soleus was 74% of control and the muscle consisted of more fast fibers on average, some of which expressed IIx MHC. These data suggest that 5% phenol causes an injury to the nerve that is more severe than a crush injury, and that reinnervation of denervated muscles may be by motoneurons other than those that originally innervated the muscles.
临床上，苯酚常被用作神经溶解剂来治疗疼痛和痉挛。本研究的目的是研究在成年雌性大鼠的坐骨神经上应用5%苯酚水溶液后，后肢几块肌肉的去神经支配和恢复的时间进程。通过神经内或神经周围注射将苯酚应用于成年雌性大鼠的坐骨神经。在应用苯酚后2天，坐骨神经内轴突变性明显，尽管观察到的损伤程度各不相同。到2周时，比目鱼肌和胫前肌萎缩至对照的63%和51%。神经阻滞2至4周后后肢肌肉发生重新神经支配。去神经支配后，比目鱼肌变得更慢，因为所有纤维都表达慢肌球蛋白重链（MHC）。在5个月时，比目鱼肌的最大张力为对照的74%，并且该肌肉平均由更多的快肌纤维组成，其中一些表达IIx MHC。这些数据表明，5%苯酚对神经造成的损伤比挤压伤更严重，并且失神经肌肉的重新神经支配可能来自最初支配这些肌肉的运动神经元以外的其他运动神经元。
