Abbott R D, Curb J D, Rodriguez B L, Sharp D S, Burchfiel C M, Yano K
Division of Biostatistics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
Stroke. 1996 May;27(5):813-8. doi: 10.1161/01.str.27.5.813.
Evidence suggests that dietary calcium is protective against hypertension. This report examines whether the effect has an influence on thromboembolic stroke.
Since 1965, the Honolulu Heart Program has followed a cohort of men in a study of cardiovascular disease. This report examines the effect of baseline dietary calcium and milk intake on stroke risk in 22 years of follow-up in 3150 older middle-aged men (55 to 68 years).
Men who were nondrinkers of milk experienced stroke at twice the rate (P < .05) of men who consumed 16 oz/d or more (7.9 versus 3.7 per 100, respectively). While the rate of stroke decreased with increasing milk intake (P < .05), the decline in stroke risk with increased consumption was modest for those who consumed under 16 oz/d. Intake of dietary calcium was also associated with a reduced risk of stroke (P < .01), although its association was confounded with milk consumption. Calcium intake from nondairy sources was not related to stroke, suggesting that other constituents or covariates related to milk consumption may be important.
We conclude that an association between milk consumption and a reduced risk of stroke in older middle-aged men cannot be explained by intake of dietary calcium. Since milk is often part of a diverse pattern of dietary intake, it is difficult to determine whether milk consumption has a direct role in reducing the risk of stroke. Data suggest that consumption of milk in older middle age is not harmful, and when combined with a balanced diet, weight control, and physical activity, reductions in the risk of stroke may occur.
有证据表明膳食钙对高血压具有保护作用。本报告探讨这种作用是否会对血栓栓塞性中风产生影响。
自1965年起，檀香山心脏项目对一组男性进行心血管疾病研究。本报告研究了3150名年龄较大的中年男性（55至68岁）在22年随访期间，基线膳食钙和牛奶摄入量对中风风险的影响。
不饮用牛奶的男性中风发生率是每天饮用16盎司或更多牛奶的男性的两倍（P <.05）（分别为每100人中有7.9例和3.7例）。虽然中风发生率随着牛奶摄入量的增加而降低（P <.05），但对于每天饮用牛奶量低于16盎司的人来说，随着牛奶摄入量增加，中风风险的下降幅度较小。膳食钙的摄入量也与中风风险降低有关（P <.01），尽管其关联与牛奶消费存在混杂。非乳制品来源的钙摄入量与中风无关，这表明与牛奶消费相关的其他成分或协变量可能很重要。
我们得出结论，中年男性饮用牛奶与中风风险降低之间的关联不能用膳食钙的摄入量来解释。由于牛奶通常是多样化饮食模式的一部分，因此很难确定饮用牛奶是否在降低中风风险方面具有直接作用。数据表明，中年时期饮用牛奶并无危害，并且与均衡饮食、体重控制和体育活动相结合时，可能会降低中风风险。
