Molecular cloning and characterization of a newly identified member of the cadherin family, PB-cadherin.

We have isolated cDNA clones encoding novel proteins belonging to the cadherin family. These novel proteins are encoded by two distinct mRNA species generated by alternative splicing from a single gene, and based on preferential expression in the pituitary gland and brain, we named it PB-cadherin. One mRNA species encodes long type PB-cadherin composed of 803 amino acid residues with a longer cytoplasmic domain, whereas the other species encodes short-type PB-cadherin composed of 694 amino acid residues with a shorter cytoplasmic domain. Both long and short type PB-cadherin contain five repeats of a cadherin motif in the extracellular domain, the transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic domain, and the deduced amino acid sequences have a 30% homology to those of E-, N-, and P-cadherins. Although the primary structure of N-terminal amino acids is identical between long and short type PB-cadherin, the following structures in the cytoplasmic regions are completely different. The long type PB-cadherin but not the short type contains the putative catenin-binding domain. When these two distinct forms of PB-cadherins were stably expressed in L cells, L cells expressing long type PB-cadherin or short type PB-cadherin both acquired a Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion property, thereby indicating that both types of PB-cadherin are responsible for Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion. Persistent expression of PB-cadherin mRNA was found in the brain of rat embryos at least from embryonic day 15 to the postnatal period. In situ localization of PB-cadherin mRNA in the adult rat brain indicated that PB-cadherin mRNA is expressed in the inner granular layer of the olfactory bulb, Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, and in the pineal gland. PB-cadherin may play an important role in morphogenesis and tissue formation in neural and non-neural cells for the development and maintenance of the brain and neuroendocrine organs by regulating cell-cell adhesion.