针鼹（Tachyglossus aculeatus）在单一睡眠状态中结合了快速眼动（REM）和非快速眼动（non-REM）睡眠的特征：对睡眠进化的启示。
The echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus combines REM and non-REM aspects in a single sleep state: implications for the evolution of sleep.
作者信息
Siegel J M, Manger P R, Nienhuis R, Fahringer H M, Pettigrew J D
机构信息
VAMC Sepulveda, California, USA.
出版信息
J Neurosci. 1996 May 15;16(10):3500-6. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03500.1996.
Placental and marsupial mammals exist in three states of consciousness: waking, non-REM sleep, and REM sleep. We now report that the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus, a representative of the earliest branch of mammalian evolution (the monotremes), does not have the pattern of neuronal activity of either of the sleep states seen in nonmonotreme mammals. Echidna sleep was characterized by increased brainstem unit discharge variability, as in REM sleep. However, the discharge rate decreased and the EEG was synchronized, as in non-REM sleep. Our results suggest that REM and non-REM sleep evolved as a differentiation of a single, phylogenetically older sleep state. We hypothesize that the physiological changes that occur during postnatal sleep development parallel certain aspects of the changes that have occurred during the evolution of sleep-waking states in mammals.
胎盘哺乳动物和有袋哺乳动物存在三种意识状态
清醒、非快速眼动睡眠和快速眼动睡眠。我们现在报告，针鼹（Tachyglossus aculeatus），作为哺乳动物进化最早分支（单孔目动物）的代表，并不具有非单孔目哺乳动物所呈现的两种睡眠状态的神经元活动模式。针鼹的睡眠特征是脑干单位放电变异性增加，这与快速眼动睡眠时的情况相同。然而，放电率下降且脑电图同步，这又与非快速眼动睡眠时的情况相同。我们的研究结果表明，快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠是作为一种单一的、系统发育上更古老的睡眠状态的分化而进化而来的。我们推测，出生后睡眠发育过程中发生的生理变化与哺乳动物睡眠 - 清醒状态进化过程中发生的某些变化方面相似。
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