Goldberg M E
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
Soc Work. 1995 Nov;40(6):789-98.
Substance-abusing women are a diverse group, but some of them are among the most disadvantaged individuals in the United States. This article reviews and interprets some recent literature on substance abuse problems and treatments among women. Contrary to popular stereotypes, alcohol and drug abuse among women occurs at similar rates among poor and nonpoor people and among white people and people of color. Major risk factors include childhood sexual or physical abuse, adult victimization by domestic violence, and a spouse or partner who abuses substances. Standard treatment programs are based on male processes of recovery, and there are enormous problems of access to treatment for women with minor children. Although most studies have found that white women and women of color use substances during pregnancy at similar rates, women of color are disproportionately tested for drug use and receive more child protective services interventions. The findings discussed in this article indicate that prevention of substance abuse-related problems among women requires more than just education.
滥用药物的女性是一个多样化的群体，但她们中的一些人是美国最弱势的个体。本文回顾并解读了一些关于女性药物滥用问题及治疗的近期文献。与普遍的刻板印象相反，贫困和非贫困人口以及白人和有色人种女性的酒精和药物滥用发生率相似。主要风险因素包括童年时期的性虐待或身体虐待、成年后遭受家庭暴力以及配偶或伴侣滥用药物。标准治疗方案基于男性的康复过程，对于有年幼子女的女性来说，获得治疗存在巨大问题。尽管大多数研究发现白人女性和有色人种女性在孕期滥用药物的比例相似，但有色人种女性接受药物使用检测的比例过高，且接受儿童保护服务干预的情况更多。本文讨论的研究结果表明，预防女性药物滥用相关问题需要的不仅仅是教育。
