Garcia G E
Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1996 Feb 1;53(2):565-74.
Evaluation of the patient with an acute eye problem begins with documentation of the level of vision in each eye, except in the case of a splash injury. In such cases, immediate copious irrigation is of critical importance. Subconjunctival hemorrhage is common and, typically, completely benign. Herpes simplex infection is painful and can lead to extensive damage. Herpes zoster infection is usually accompanied by skin lesions and can be effectively treated with oral acyclovir or famcyclovir. In patients with Bell's palsy, the eye must be carefully protected to prevent secondary injury. Corneal abrasions heal rapidly when antibiotics and patch protection are provided. Acute infections of the eyelids and conjunctivae usually respond well to topical antibiotics and warm compresses. Traumatic injuries require careful evaluation and, frequently, referral to an ophthalmologist.
对急性眼疾患者的评估始于记录每只眼睛的视力水平，但眼部溅伤情况除外。在这种情况下，立即大量冲洗至关重要。结膜下出血很常见，通常完全良性。单纯疱疹感染会引起疼痛，并可能导致广泛损害。带状疱疹感染通常伴有皮肤病变，可用口服阿昔洛韦或泛昔洛韦有效治疗。患有贝尔麻痹的患者，必须小心保护眼睛以防止继发损伤。给予抗生素和眼罩保护时，角膜擦伤愈合迅速。眼睑和结膜的急性感染通常对局部抗生素和热敷反应良好。创伤性损伤需要仔细评估，并且常常需要转诊给眼科医生。
