Expression of p53 and its relationship with human papillomavirus in penile carcinomas.

We studied p53 over-expression in a series of 42 primary penile carcinomas (seven verrucous carcinomas, 14 well-differentiated, 15 moderately-differentiated and six poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas) from Chinese patients using the p53 protein specific mouse monoclonal antibody DO-7 on paraffin sections. p53 protein was detected in 40% (17 cases) of the tumours. The p53 staining was not observed in the penile warts (n = 6) and verrucous carcinomas (n = 7). Positive p53 staining was identified only in the less differentiated tumour cells in the periphery of the tumour cell nests in all the cases. The non-invasive dysplastic epithelium next to the tumours could also be positive for p53 protein (three out of 10 cases in which the dysplastic epithelium adjacent to the tumour was adequately sampled). Furthermore, 100% of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cases showed positive p53 staining. It is concluded that p53 over-expression is present in penile squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent non-invasive tumour cells. An inverse correlation between HPV and p53 gene mutation is not observed in penile cancers.