Influenza in the elderly. Prevention is the best strategy in high-risk populations.

Diagnosis of influenza can be difficult in the elderly because of coexisting disease or communication difficulties. However, since the infection often results in complications and may be lethal in these patients, early identification is imperative. Influenza virus vaccine (Fluogen, Fluzone, FluShield) may prevent infection or reduce the severity of complications, even though response may be attenuated in elderly patients. Newer vaccines under investigation may prove to be more efficacious. Education is necessary to improve rates of vaccination, particularly among residents and staff of nursing homes. Antiviral agents are important adjuncts in the fight against influenza, but they are not a substitute for vaccination.