Godson J H, Williams S A
Bradford Community NHS Trust, UK.
Community Dent Health. 1996 Mar;13(1):27-33.
Many young Muslim children whose families originated from the Indian sub-continent have poorer levels of oral health than their indigenous White peers, but it is unclear whether and to what extent subsequent generations may be similarly disadvantaged. This study aimed to compare dental health and associated behavioural attributes among United Kingdom-born three-year-old children of first and second generation Pakistani Muslim mothers resident in areas of social deprivation in Bradford, West Yorkshire. Multi-lingual interviews completed a home-based, semi-structured questionnaire, and a dental examination was conducted at a subsequent visit on 226 children, 117 with Pakistan-born mothers and 109 born in the UK. When the two generation groups were compared, no differences were observed in infant feeding practices, oral hygiene routines or dental attendance patterns, in mothers' attendance at ante-natal classes, or their knowledge of caries prevention. However, a higher proportion of UK-born mothers were able to speak English and reported that they had attended a dentist themselves, had received advice there, and were better informed of categories exempt from dental charges. A 24-hour retrospective qualitative dietary recall indicated that children of UK-born mothers consumed, on average, more frequent intakes of foods classified in the 'bread and cereal' group and of sweet drinks at meal times. While there were no significant differences in the proportion who were cavity free, children of UK-born mothers had higher mean caries experience (dmft=2.30) compared with those of Pakistan-born mothers (dmft=1.38). It was concluded that the total burden of dental caries experience among a subsequent generation of Pakistani children was higher than that of the previous generation. Poor dental health is likely to remain a challenge in this community for the foreseeable future.
许多家庭来自印度次大陆的年轻穆斯林儿童的口腔健康水平低于当地白人同龄人，但尚不清楚后代是否以及在多大程度上会同样处于不利地位。本研究旨在比较居住在西约克郡布拉德福德社会贫困地区的第一代和第二代巴基斯坦穆斯林母亲在英国出生的三岁儿童的牙齿健康及相关行为特征。通过多语言访谈完成了一份基于家庭的半结构化问卷，并在随后的一次访视中对226名儿童进行了牙科检查，其中117名儿童的母亲出生在巴基斯坦，109名儿童出生在英国。比较两代人群时，在婴儿喂养方式、口腔卫生习惯或看牙模式、母亲参加产前课程的情况或她们对龋齿预防的知识方面未观察到差异。然而，出生在英国的母亲中能说英语的比例更高，并且报告称她们自己看过牙医，在那里得到了建议，并且对牙科收费豁免类别了解得更好。一项24小时回顾性定性饮食回忆表明，出生在英国的母亲的孩子平均在就餐时更频繁地摄入“面包和谷物”类食物以及甜饮料。虽然无龋儿童的比例没有显著差异，但出生在英国的母亲的孩子的平均龋齿经历（dmft = 2.30）高于出生在巴基斯坦的母亲的孩子（dmft = 1.38）。研究得出结论，巴基斯坦儿童的后代龋齿经历的总负担高于上一代。在可预见的未来，口腔健康状况不佳可能仍然是这个社区面临的一项挑战。
