Gueguen C, Lagrue G, Janse-Marec J
Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Maternité, Hôpital Franco-Britannique, Levallois-Perret.
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1995;24(8):853-9.
Cigarette smoking remains a frequent problem during pregnancy. Nicotine has deleterious effects on the foetus. The most common problem remains "small for date" babies. However, this is a minor problem compared with two major toxic consequences: intellectual impairment and increased rate of infantile cancer. Many studies have shown diminished intellectual capacity, behavioural problems and an increase of sudden infant death syndrome. The cancerigenic and genotoxic effects of smoking are well documented with recent studies showing the genotoxicity of amniotic fluid in smoking pregnant women and lymphocyte chromosome mutation in newborns. The frequency of cancers, particularly leukaemia, lymphoma and cerebral tumours are increased in children born to women who smoke during pregnancy. It is therefore excessively important to help pregnant women and their doctors become aware of the toxic effects of active or passive smoking in pregnancy and encourage the patients and their friends and relations to stop smoking as soon as pregnancy is diagnosed or if it's possible before the pregnancy.
孕期吸烟仍是一个常见问题。尼古丁会对胎儿产生有害影响。最常见的问题仍是“小于胎龄”儿。然而，与两大严重毒性后果相比，这只是个小问题：智力损害和婴儿癌症发病率增加。许多研究表明，吸烟会导致智力下降、行为问题以及婴儿猝死综合征发生率上升。吸烟的致癌和基因毒性作用已有充分记录，近期研究显示，吸烟孕妇羊水的基因毒性以及新生儿淋巴细胞染色体突变。孕期吸烟女性所生子女患癌症的频率会增加，尤其是白血病、淋巴瘤和脑肿瘤。因此，帮助孕妇及其医生认识到孕期主动或被动吸烟的毒性影响，并鼓励患者及其朋友和亲属在确诊怀孕后或尽可能在怀孕前戒烟，极为重要。
