Hunziker W, Geuze H J
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
Bioessays. 1996 May;18(5):379-89. doi: 10.1002/bies.950180508.
Lysosomes are the site of degradation of obsolete intracellular material during autophagy and of extracellular macromolecules following endocytosis and phagocytosis. The membrane of lysosomes and late endosomes is enriched in highly glycosylated transmembrane proteins of largely unknown function. Significant progress has been made in recent years towards elucidating the pathways by which these lysosomal membrane proteins are delivered to late endosomes and lysosomes. While some lysosomal membrane proteins follow the constitutive secretory pathway and reach lysosomes indirectly via the cell surface and endocytosis, others exit the trans-Golgi network in clathrin-coated vesicles for direct delivery to endosomes and lysosomes. Sorting from the Golgi or the plasma membrane into the endosomal system is mediated by signals encoded by the short cytosolic domain of these proteins. This review will discuss the role of lysosomal membrane proteins in the biogenesis of the late endosomal and lysosomal membranes, with particular emphasis on the structural features and molecular mechanisms underlying the intracellular trafficking of these proteins.
溶酶体是自噬过程中细胞内陈旧物质以及内吞作用和吞噬作用后细胞外大分子降解的场所。溶酶体和晚期内体的膜富含功能 largely 未知的高度糖基化跨膜蛋白。近年来，在阐明这些溶酶体膜蛋白被递送至晚期内体和溶酶体的途径方面取得了重大进展。虽然一些溶酶体膜蛋白遵循组成型分泌途径并通过细胞表面和内吞作用间接到达溶酶体，但其他蛋白则通过网格蛋白包被的囊泡从反式高尔基体网络中出来，直接递送至内体和溶酶体。从高尔基体或质膜分选进入内体系统是由这些蛋白短胞质结构域编码的信号介导的。本综述将讨论溶酶体膜蛋白在晚期内体和溶酶体膜生物发生中的作用，特别强调这些蛋白细胞内运输的结构特征和分子机制。
